Browsing by Author "Aredo, Dejene (Dr)"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Choice of Marketing Channels and Transaction Costs: The Case of Maize Marketing in Bura Borama, Shashemene Area
    (A.A.U, 2009-01) Girma, Mamo; Aredo, Dejene (Dr)
    The objective of this study is to identify the transaction cost factors and household characteristics that influence the decision of marketing channel choice by maize farmers in rural kebele of Bura Borama, district of shashemene. The main hypothesis of the study is that farmers' choice of marketing channel is influenced by transaction costs (e.g information, transport, negotiation and monitoring costs) and household characteristics (e.g. age, education). Households facing higher transaction costs are excluded from using certain marketing channel. A multinomial logit model is used for empirical estimation using data from a survey of 103 maize farmers from Bura Borama. Empirical findings of this study reveal that the most important factors that explain farmers' decision of marketing channel choice are farmers' age, years of education, farm size, access to transportation, access to information, time spent to accomplish a one time sales and a possible delay in payment up on transaction. This suggests that government and/or other concerned institutions policy intervention should focus of reducing some of these transaction costs by providing institutional support to smallholder maize farmers in the study area. These supports could be in the form of improving access to market information, establishing producers' organization and improving the rural road networks which link production areas to markets
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Factors Influencing Food Insecurity and European Union Food Security Interventions among Rural Farm Households in Oromia: The Case of Dodota- sire Woreda
    (A.A.U, 2006-07) Beshir, Mohammed; Aredo, Dejene (Dr)
    Food insecurity of farm households in Dodota-Sire has been a continuing public problem. This paper addresses the issue with the aim of identifying the factors and exploring some policy options for its reduction. Especially, it examines factors influencing food insecurity with emphasis on the impact of European Union food security project. To this effect, data have been collected from a sample of 380 households (non-beneficiary and beneficiary of the project) using stratified random sampling. food poverty line at a cost of recommended minimum caloric intake (i.e. food energy intake method) has been set and then To bit model was employed for each group. The model was fitted with 15 and 14 explanatory variables for beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. The study shows that sever food insecurity (in which the majority of household) was prevalent among farm household in Dodota-Sire. There have been frequent climatic shocks and idiosyncratic shocks related demographic and socio-economic factors. As a result of such shock farmers have been adopted different coping mechanisms depending on common and idiosyncratic shocks happens to the household at their respective level. The empirical analysis reveal that household size, dependency ratio, total value of production , total expenditure, and share of food in total expenditure, participation in off-farm activities, seed usage, and net wealth, found to be significant and have expected sign. Further more, contribution of European Union food security project for beneficiary. Oil the contrary, education of head, age of bead, diversification extent, fertilizer usage where found to be insignificant. The srudy conclude narural factors, demographic and socio-economic factors such as large family size, high dependency ratio, low level of total value of production, low level of livestock wealth , low panicipation in off-form activities, lack of productive asset, and so on of famling are among the factors that increase the odds of food insecurity. Hence, replenishing the re sources base, developing irrigation schemes, focusing of livestock related off-farm activities such as cattle fattening and dairy farming, enhancing the productivity potentially, 3nd awareness creation strengthens and broadening project interventions are some of the policy options to be considered.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Female and Male Wage Differentials in Addis Ababa a Case Study in Four Factories
    (A.A.U, 1998-06) Haile, Tsehay; Aredo, Dejene (Dr)
    In this study we used two methods to. estimate the extent of labor our market discrimination. The sample is taken from four factories in Addis Ababa. The first method is descriptive statistics, which estimate whether there is wage difference between female and male. The findings of the study indicate that there is wage difference, which is mainly attributable to difference in relevant variables and to a lesser extent due to sex difference. Consistent with the above result the second method, i.e., Oaxaca (1973) and Oaxaca- Ransom (1994) also indicated the existence of wage difference. This method decomposes log of monthly gross wage differentials Into labor market discrimination, the cause of which is difference in sex, and difference in relevant ones. In method of Oaxaca (1973) using female wage as a base, labor market discrimination is found to be higher . while using male wage as a base the difference between relevant variables caused larger parts of wage differentials. In method of Oaxaca -Ransom (1994) the difference between relevant variables caused larger parts of wage differentials. Both descriptive and wage decomposition indicate the existence of wage difference. The majority part of this difference is explained in both methods by relevant variable difference.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Micro-finance and the Poor: The Case of Dedebit Credit and Saving Institution (DECSI) in Tigray
    (2000-06) Zewdu, Teferi; Aredo, Dejene (Dr)
    Currently, provision of credit is one of the major strategies being used to alleviate poverty in Ethiopia. As the Dedebit Credit and Savings Institution (DECSI) is established for this purpose, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of DECSI micro financing scheme to poverty reduction based on descriptive analysis, to investigate the determinants of loan repayment performance based on a recursive model, to assess the institutional viability of DECSI; and finally to investigate and collate the relevance and applicability of the Grameen Bank model to the Ethiopian condition with particular reference to DECSI in Tigray region. Primary data for the study was collected from a sample of 25 I (! 05 from rural and I46 from urban) sample beneficiaries in Tigray Region. The results indicate that the credit scheme has made its own positive contribution (except urban sample beneficiaries related to access to educational facilities) to the beneficiaries in relation to income, access to educational facilities, medical facilities, household diet and savings in particular and to poverty reduction in general. According to the findings, sex, level of education and size of loan for rural, urban and the whole sample cases, loan diversion rate in the case of urban and the whole sample cases, timeliness of loan disbursement in the case of rural and the whole sample cases, income ;rom activities financed by the loan in the whole sample case and other sources of income in the case of rural sample are found to be significant determinants for full loan repayment performance as is expected. The study further found that dependency ratio and loan supervision in the case of rural, loan supervision and other sources of income in urban and the whole sample cases and size of loan in the whole sample case are significant determinants for loan diversion as expected. In connection with applicability of the Grameen Bank model, it is concluded that it is difficult to directly apply the model in Ethiopia since the physical and socio-economic conditions of the two countries are different. Therefore, there should be some modification on the elements of the model namely; holding weekly meetings and repayment of installments, taking the bank to the people because it demands high administration cost due to the scattered nature of the dwellers in the country, particularly the rural areas of Ethiopia.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Spatial Integration of White Wheat Markets in Ethiopia : Along with Improvements in Transport Infrastructure
    (A.A.U, 2006-07) Tamru, Seneshaw; Aredo, Dejene (Dr)
    This paper attempts to analyze the impact road infrastructure may have on the level and degree of grain market integration on selected Ethiopian markets. Using wholesale price series of six markets and based on monthly data from January 1996 to December 2005, which is disaggregated in the pre and post construction periods, one of the major staple food crops of the country, white wheat i s analyzed. The other two major crops, tiff and maize were also considered in the descriptive analysis. A threshold autoregressive (TAR) Model in the form of Error Correction Model is used to evaluate the level of integration and speed of adjustment towards equilibrium. The findings of the paper show that there is enough evidence to conclude that the deficit areas are isolated from Addis while the surplus areas were found to be well integrated in both periods. Some of the markets under consideration are found to be inefficient as smaller deviations than the threshold level from the long term equilibrium tend to be cleared (arbitraged) away; the results also show that the markets under consideration, could be clustered in to three market groups, that is the surplus areas including Addis, in one group and the two deficit areas each in other groups independently, isolated from Addis. The findings imply that any agricultural grain marketing policy should realize and be aimed at these three segregated groups, separately. The results suggest that geographic differences and distance are important factors affecting spatial markets integration between Addis and the regional markets. The results also propose, the requirement of government intervention mechanisms, such as availability of information (access to local media and telecommunications facilities), as key factors to improve spatial market integration between the markets. Moreover, as construction of roads alone hasn't as such improved and produced a significant impact on the level of market integration, the results indicate the need for a coordinated effort of the other market enhancing instruments; market information and institutions and put forward a system of commodity exchange as a mechanism that can incorporate these instruments. Key words: Market integration, threshold level, Monte Carlo simulations, wheat, and construction of roads.