Browsing by Author "Amare Bantider (PhD)"

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    Agricultural Drought and Food Security Status: The Case of Misrak Belesa Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-11) Fasil Awol; Amare Bantider (PhD)
    Agricultural drought reduces soil moisture content and limits crop water availability and impacts agricultural food production, food security and socioeconomic development. The main objectives of this study were to investigate agricultural drought and its effects on household food security, examine perception of households and asses current status of food security and its determinants in Misrak Belesa woreda. Quantitative research approach and cross-sectional study design were used to generate data. Agricultural drought quantification using meteorological data and Standardized Precipitation Index at one- and three-month time scales were computed using Standardized Precipitation Index Generator software. Household Food Balance sheet model was used to investigate food security status. A total of 402 households were surveyed to generate data. Binary logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between food security status and its determinants. The study found wide spread prevalence (89%) of food insecurity among study households. The result of the binary logistic regression model indicated that seven of the independent variables including credit amount, number of donkeys, number of oxen, agronomic practices, soil conservation practices, farm size, and age of household heads had positive coefficients (B>0) indicating a positive correlation and family size had a negative coefficient (B <0) indicating a negative correlation with food security status. Monthly agricultural drought event for rainy months was observed in 40 months from 1981 to 2018. Seasonal agricultural drought for Belg and Kiremt seasons was observed for 20 and 16 years respectively from 1981 to 2018. Overall, the study found that recurrent agricultural drought is the most prevalent natural hazard that made households vulnerable. Key policy recommendation that need to be addressed by all actors and policy makers is forwarded.
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    Comparative Analysis of Household’s Food Security Status in Dire Dawa: Rural-Urban Dichotomy
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-11) Yoseph Demelash; Amare Bantider (PhD)
    Food security is the ability to access sufficient and nutritious food to live a healthy and active life. The primary goal of this study was to assess the level of food security and its determinants across urban and rural households in Dire Dawa. Both primaryand secondary data have been gathered for the study. Using a multistage sampling technique, primary data were obtained from 356 randomly chosen rural families and 395 randomly selectedurban households, respectively, and secondary data were gathered from various sources. Descriptive statistics, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) and probit logit models were used to examine the data. The survey's findings showed that 35.67% of the selected rural households had access to enough food, while the remaining 64.33% did not. Furthermore, a 65.6% food security rate and a 34.4% food insecurity rate were discovered in the sample of urban households. The results of the Probit regression analysis showed that factors such as the sex of the household head,educational level, household size, donkey ownership (unlike Oxen ownership in the highlands for plough agriculture, and camel and livestock ownership as major income source in the lowlands, donkey in Dire Dawa and its environs is important pack animal and used as source of income in the area by hiring it), cash crop production, off-farm income, income, access to irrigation, and access to better seed all significantly increased the likelihood ofa rural household being able to provide for its members' nutritional needs. Moreover, sex of household head, educational level, household size, remittance, saving, and urban agriculture determines the food security status of urban household at 5% level of significance. Therefore, thestudy advises that in order to improve the status of food security for households in the study area,rural households should be encouraged to promote offfarm income, work on household size through sustainable awareness creation, promote cash crop productivity, access to irrigation, increasing income, owning donkeys, and improve the household heads' educational level.
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    Contributions of Urban Productive Safety Net Program Public Work to Household Food Security: A Case of Woreda 1 Jemo, Nefas Silk Lafto Addis Ababa.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-06-20) Habtamu Ayele; Amare Bantider (PhD)
    Urban productive safety net program (UPSNP) presents the first major opportunity to address food gaps of the vulnerable while at the same time employing the poor and vulnerable. On the other hand, the public work wage directly addresses the issue of access to food security. The study examined the contribution of UPSNP to household-level food security in woreda 1 Jemo Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-city. The study mainly adopted quantitative methods. The data was collected through a well-developed structured survey questionnaire from 79 UPSNP clients and 79 non-users as the control group selected from six sub-units of the Woreda using a systematic random sampling technique. The average effect of UPSNP on household food security status was estimated by the Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM). According to the food security indicator, UPSNP-users have lower HFIAS than nonusers which implies that the ongoing implementation of a productive safety net program has a progressive, positive contribution to lowering food insecurity of households and the HFIAS difference among beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries is significant (t = 3.8957). The propensity sore matching result indicated that the urban productive safety net program has a significant positive contribution to enhancing food access at the household level. The negative impact of the program on household food insecurity access scores revealed that program beneficiaries have lower food insecurity scores which is the ultimate objective of the program to reduce food insecurity and poverty among destitute urban dwellers. The response from the survey participant and the key informant interviewee also revealed that public work activities are improving urban agriculture and beatification and changing the local environment through proper waste disposal and management. Despite the contributions of the UPSNP to food security, the demand for support is high compared to the actual households addressed. Therefore, the government and other stakeholders have to work to address more households and improve the public work wage rate against the existing market.
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    Effectiveness of Watershed Management Approaches and Programs for Food Security in Qarsa Woreda of East Harerghe, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-12) Tena Gobena; Amare Bantider (PhD); Messay Mulugeta (PhD); Ermias Teferi (PhD)
    This study investigates the perceptions and coordination challenges of stakeholders involved in community-based watershed management in Qarsa Woreda, East Hararghe Zone, and examines its impact on food security. Data were collected from 63 professionals and 337 farmers through surveys and interviews. The findings reveal a significant disparity in perceptions: 64% of professionals view watershed management primarily as natural resource management or soil and water conservation, while only 36% acknowledge its broader rural development and economic benefits. Conversely, farmers recognize improvements in crop yield and income but largely see these practices as environmental conservation efforts, with only 12.6% viewing them as part of a comprehensive rural development strategy. Institutional arrangements, including the roles of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Oromia Bureau of Agriculture, show that weak coordination and accountability mechanisms undermine effectiveness. The lack of specialized structures for managing programs like the Sustainable Land Management Program (SLMP) and the Rural Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) at the woreda level further complicates implementation. To address these challenges, improving coordination platforms, enhancing accountability, increasing local involvement, and establishing specialized units for program management. Further research is needed to identify potential barriers to coordination and collaboration among the stakeholders involved in watershed management
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    Solid Waste Management through Composting Approach and Its Contribution on Households’ Income and Food Security Situations, - in Bisoftu City, Gara Beru Village
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-12) Robel Ayalew; Amare Bantider (PhD)
    A developing country like Ethiopia does not begin to see the economic benefits of solid waste yet; they even dump the solid waste in unauthorized sites. Effective management of household solid waste through composting mechanisms can have paramount significance for agricultural crop production. The objective of this research work was to assess the contribution of solid waste management through composting approach to urban households‘income and food security situations in Gara Beru village of BIshoftu City. Data from 102 households that were chosen using the purposive sample method were gathered using a cross-sectional survey design. In order to gather the necessary information for addressing the required research objectives, questionnaires, personal observation, interviews, and focus group discussions were used. Data gathered through surveys, and interviews were examined using IBM SPSS version 20. The research findings showed that households refuse to pay for waste collection services and a lack of services led to rubbish being thrown on streets, in open areas, and near lakes. Some of the actions seen in the community of the research region to reduce solid waste disposed from the households were preparing the compost pit, sorting household solid waste, and putting the waste in the compost pit. Farmers in the hamlet employed compost to grow flowers, fruits, and other garden commodities because composting has a substantial impact on agricultural production. Using descriptive statics, the impact of composting on household income and food security was calculated and its impact on composting as solid waste management approach found to be the most important determinant factor for the production of cereal/crops for ongoing community food security challenges. The findings from the HFAIS model indicate that a majority of the participants who used compost had a higher level of food security (91.1%) compared to those who did not use compost (79.1%). This suggests that utilizing compost in an organic manner is an effective and promising strategy to improve household food security in the study area. At the same time, there is a strong relation evidence that support use of organic compost versus food security, with chi-square result of (87.100a), df=1, p<.005, which is 0.00. Hence, the result can best describe using compost organically was greatly acceptable and is a good start up approach to households‘ food security situations in the study area. A suggested solution is to creating an enabling environment to address constraints hindering increased compost production via integrated MSW management practices in the study area.