Browsing by Author "Alemu, Birhanu"

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    Assessment of Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among RuralCommunity Members in Diksis Woreda,West Arsi Zone,Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2021-03) Alemu, Birhanu; Kumie, Abera
    Background Sanitation is a fundamental requirement to be accessible to every individual to protect from many diarrhoeal related infections. The maximum benefit of sanitation facilities, such as latrine, is achieved if latrines are used properly. There exist many factors that challenge the use of latrines in the rural areas of Ethiopia. This master’s thesis attempted to fill this gap. Objectives: The study aimed at determining latrine utilization and associated factors among the rural community members in Diksis woreda, Arsi, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: - A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2020 among 591selected households with latrine facilities from 4 randomly selected Kebeles. Multistage systematic random sampling method was used. Data were collected by trained Environmental Health professionals using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews and on-the-spot observations of the latrines. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21.0 for data cleaning and analysis. Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model at 95% confidence interval (CI).From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with p-value < 0.025 were taken as statistically significant and independently associated with latrine utilization. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemes how test. Result: About 60 %( 591) households surveyed had latrines functioning. The rate of latrine Utilization was 30.7% in the rural communities. using them regularly. Main reasons for non-use of latrine were latrine pit is full, slab not safe to use and lack of material to construct of the latrine. Sex of the respondent [AOR= 0.18, 95%CI, 0.18 (0.11-0.29), Educational status of wife AOR= 2.2, 95%CI, 2.2 (1.44-3.34), a school age children AOR= 1.66, 95%CI, 1.66 (1.1-2.55),), a family size, AOR= 2.1, 95%CI, 2.1 (1.36-3.16), Climate condition, OR= 0.56, 95%CI, 0.56 (0.35-0.90),were the major predictors affecting utilization of latrines. Conclusion: The rural community of Diksis woreda's latrine status and utilization were found to be very low, indicating that more attention was needed to encourage hygiene and sanitation behavior in the community. It is suggested that an intervention be implemented to promote behavioral changes toward latrine use.
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    Awareness of Hiv Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Health Care Personnel in Asella Teaching Hospital, Asella Town, South-East Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-06) Alemu, Birhanu; Demisse, Asrat ( Assistant Professor)
    Background: HIV/AIDS is being considered as one of the major health problem and an occupational health hazard among health care personnel. Avoiding contact with infected blood is one of the primary strategies of preventing occupationally acquired HIV infection. Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV is the only way to reduce risk of HIV after potential exposure to blood and body fluids. This study was conducted to determine awareness of individuals about HIV PEP among health care personnel in health care setting particularly hospitals because there are high staffs and high risks of acquiring accidental exposure to HIV infection. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of awareness of HIV PEP and determinants factors among health care personnel of Asella Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among 251 participant health care personnel at Asella Teaching Hospital, Asella town from December 2013 to May 2014. A purposive sampling survey was used. Pretest study was conducted on 5% of sample size and the questionnaires were modified accordingly. Result: Respondents’ level of awareness is measured by calculating the total possible score in PEP of HIV questions & classified into two categories: those who have no awareness (below 40 percentile), have awareness (above 60 percentile). Majority 198 (78.9%) of the respondents had good level of awareness on PEP of HIV. Over 64(25.5%) had been exposed to needle stick and other sharp injuries and 103 (41.0%) had been exposed to blood and body fluid splash to eye, or mouth. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed low use of PEP despite the average aware of HIV PEP amongst the respondents. So, health care personnel need to improve their awareness on PEP of HIV through different training program related to PEP of HIV. Key words: Awareness, Occupational exposure, post-exposure prophylaxis, health care personnel, HIV
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    Psychosocial Experiences of Parents With Mentally Retarded Children (The Case Of Six Families In Addis Ababa)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2004-06) Alemu, Birhanu; Bezzu, Almaz (W/ro)
    This study explores the social and emotional experiences of parents with mentally retarded children. Six mentally retarded children and their respective parents were the main subjects of the study. Interview guide was used for data collection. The data was presented in a descriptive form and analyzed qualitatively. Two parents quarrelled with their neighbors and other two parents also quarrel with their spouses because of their mentally retarded children. Siblings of the mentally ,. retarded children complain for being disfavored by their parents. Mentally retarded children deprive 3 of the parents of attending social activities outside home, and the parents are penalized as a result. The news that their children are mentally retarded makes parents experience such feelings as: shock, grief, anger, fear, worry, hopelessness, helplessness and acceptance of the fact. Four of the six parents accepted the reality immediately. The parents vary in their coping. Parents' social and emotional experiences are partly interdependent. However, they are not seen as functions of severity of the disability and sex of the children except that mothers of 2 of the 3 female children are anxious that their children may be raped. The children's improvement, counseling and supports that the parents get help the parents in the coping. Therefore, the children should get education so that they would improve. The society at large and ,family members also should be enlightened as to what mental retardation is and have positive attitude towards mentally retarded children and their parents and be supportive