Browsing by Author "Alemayehu, Tesfaye"

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    Cross Sectional Study of Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism in Oncology Patients Undergoing Chest Computed Tomography Imaging in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba ,Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-09) Alemayehu, Tesfaye; Gissila, Azmera(MD, Assistant Professor of Radiology); Alwan, Amir (MD, Assistant Professor of Radiology)
    Background Oncology patients have a fourfold higher risk for developing pulmonary embolism than that of the general population. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and often fatal disease. Furthermore, most cases of PE that eventuallycause fatality are clinically unsuspected and therefore go untreated. Finding of incidental PE in oncologic patients significantly affects management and prognosis of patients. Diagnosis of PE leads to start of therapeutic anticoagulation and prevents embolic recurrence that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. A lthough the MDCT protocol for CT pulmonary angiography differs from that used for routine chest CT, modern CT systems, along with high-concentration contrast media, enable detection of pulmonary emboli even in routine chest CT, increasing the frequencyof detection of clinically unsuspected pulmonary embolism. 2 Objective This study is designed to assess prevalence of incidentalpulmonary embolism in oncologic patients detected by chest computed tomography. Method Hospital based prospectivecross-sectional study conducted at TASH to address the specific objective during the study period (July, 2018-January 2019 G.C).This study was conducted among oncologic patients being evaluated at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital who have chest CT imaging during the study period. Chest CT was evaluated for the presence of abnormalities. The study population included all oncologic patients having chest CT imaging during the data collection period. Data was collected by evaluating the CT by radiologist. The data was checked for clarity and completeness. Computerized data analysis was conducted by using SPSS version 20.0 software. RESULT The prevalence of incidental PE was 1.7% in this study. A total of 10 patients out of 573 patients had incidental PE. The most common primary malignancy was GIT malignancy (30.9%). The other malignancies were hematologic malignancies among 12.9%, breast cancer in 12.6%, and cancers of the genitourinary tract in 7.7%. the rest of patients had varieties of different cancer types.80% of the patients with PE had multiple PE and 20% had single PE. The most commonly involved part of the lung was RLL which was involved in all cases of incidental PE. Followed by LLL which was involved in 60%. In general, the upper lobes and the RML were involved in 40% of the cases, each. All cases of single PE occurred in the RLL. 3 The most frequently involved divisions of the pulmonary were the lobar branches in 80% of the PE cases followed by segmental branches (70%). The main division was involved in 40% of the cases, while the subsegmental division was involved in none of the cases. Limitation of the study -Lack of good pulmonary arterial opacification and motion artifacts which can limit detection of PE. -Lack of properly handled patient’s chart. -Limited sample size. CONCLUSION The prevalence of incidental PE detected on routine chest CT scan is 1.7% with no detected small artery PE. The risk of incidental PE was higher in older age and advanced malignancy. The diagnosis of incidental PE has significantly changed the management in all of these patients. Good pulmonary arterial contrastopacificationis required for diagnosis.
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    Determinants of Tax Revenue in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-05) Alemayehu, Tesfaye; P., Laxmikantham (PhD)
    The focus of paper is to identify determinants of tax revenue in Ethiopia by using a secondary data and multiple variables regression model. The objective of the study was to identify determinants of tax revenue such sectors of economy like agriculture, industry and service, FDI, inflation rate, interest rate, per capita income and trade openness. A study is important to identify significant variables affecting tax revenue. The research approach adopted in this thesis includes series data set that consists of fifteen years. The time period covered was 1999/00 to 2013/14; this is primarily due to unavailability of organized data before the indicated period. Both descriptive statistics and econometric tools were employed to analyze and present the obtained data. The findings from this research provide evidence that, foreign direct investment to GDP percentage regression result shows negative significant, Industry sector in percentage of GDP positive and significant, Inflation negative but not significant, Per capita income has the positive sign which is significant, and saving interest rate have positive insignificant impact on tax revenue. The main conclusions drawn from this study are, foreign direct investment to GDP, Industry sector in percentage of GDP and Per capita income have significant impact on tax revenue. This paper recommends that inflation rate and saving interest rate are in significant variables affecting tax revenue. Key words: Tax, Determinant of tax revenue, time series, Ethiopia
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    Government Employees Attitude toward Domestic and Foreign Leather Foot Wears: The Role of Country of Origin and Ethnocentrism
    (Addis Ababa University, 2014-05) Alemayehu, Tesfaye; Takele, Yitbarek (PhD)
    As globalization proceeds and the world economy are changing, it is recognized that assessing consumers’ attitudes towards domestic and foreign products is of a great necessity. The purpose of this dissertation was to study whether or not government employees’ attitudes toward purchasing domestic versus Chinese made leather footwear differ among Government employees in Addis Ababa. Variables investigated include leather footwear attributes and demographic characteristics. Also, the effects of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism were examined. Multistage stage sampling and survey questionnaire was employed to collect the primary data in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A total of 343 Government employees completed and returned useable questionnaires. The findings showed that government employees’ attitudes toward domestic versus Chinese made footwear differed not significantly. Interestingly, relative to other footwear attributes, country of origin was generally of low importance in Government employees’ decision-making. For consumer ethnocentrism, the results indicated that government employees’ had lower ethnocentric tendencies and there was a positive correlation between Government employees’ ethnocentrism and attitude towards domestic footwear and there was negative correlation between consumer ethnocentrism and attitude towards Chinese made leather footwear. Furthermore, demographic variables did not show effects on consumer ethnocentrism
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    Social Media as an Alternative Political Forum in Ethiopia: the Case of Facebook
    (Addis Ababa University, 2013-06) Alemayehu, Tesfaye; Zerai, Abdissa (PhD)
    This study aims at examining how the social media, particularly the Facebook has been serving as an alternative forum for discussing politics in Ethiopia. The study was situated within the theoretical framework of Habermas public sphere. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the qualitative method, data gathering tools such as interview, observation, and text of Facebook postings were used. Interviews were conducted with sixteen activists, bloggers, journalists and politicians selected through convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data was collected from mid July to September 2012. For quantitative method, survey was used as a data gathering tool. The survey questionnaire was administered to 103 people selected through random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the quantitative data. The analysis of the data reveals that the social media in general and Facebook in particular is providing an alternative platform for those who have access to freely discuss political issues that would otherwise be off the limit in the conventional public sphere in the Ethiopian context. What is more, Faceook is even serving as a source for the mainstream media for political news and there by challenging the conventional role reserved for mainstream journalism. This being the case, however, Facebook use is facing challenges which could be classified into user-related challenges and government-related challenges. Based on the findings, some recommendations are suggested.