Browsing by Author "Ahmed, Awel"

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    Investigation on Nutritional and Microbiological Properties of Camel (Camelus Dromedaries) Milk: A Case Study of Mieso District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-06) Ahmed, Awel; Desse, Gulelat (PhD); Yilma, Zelalem (PhD)
    This study was conducted in Mieso district in western Hararghe Zone of Oromia Regional State with the objectives of investigating the quality and microbiological properties of dromedCllY camel mille. Milk samples at various stages of lactation were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. The data were analyzed using computer package SPSS version 15. A wide variation was observed in the results of raw camel milk across the three lactation stages. pH ranged between 6.52 and 6.99 (6.84+ 0.022) and acidity 0.2 and 0.61 (0.424 + 0.027). Total solids, solid notfat,fat, protein, lactose and ash contents ranged between 9.2 and 16.4,5.2 and 11.9,3 and 4.5, 1.4 and 3.44, 2.17 and 8.05,0.42 and 0.8 g per 100 g, respectively. Aerobic mesophilic count (AMBC) ranged between 7.4 and 9.5 (8.29± 0.133), coliform count (CC) o and 5.3 (2.78+0.309), Enterobacterceae 0 and 5.3 (3. 052±0. 289), yeast and mold count 0 to 7.4 (6.079+0.258). Iron (Fe) ranged between 0.35 and 2.25 mgll00g, Zn 0.71 and 1.2 mgll00g, Ca 9.1 and 10.5 mgll00 g and P 6.6 and 7.95 mgll00 g. Dromedary Camel milk of mieso district ----.'esenrblen'IJitld1tlman--milic-in--basic-composi/ion--of-fat;-protejn;--lotal--solid;-laetose-and--pH~ut---higher composition of acidity, ash, Zn and Fe were observed when compared to human milk. A natural replacement of Inlman milk with camel milk could be considered as an appropriate alternative. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 15. The designed used was completely randomized design (CRD) and the model used was linear model.
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    Parliamentary Oversight and its Role in Ensuring Constitutionalism and Accountability under the FDRE Constitution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-11) Ahmed, Awel; Degefa, Aberra (PhD)
    Parliamentary oversight is neglected area af research in many jurisdictions and there is very limited discussion on the area. The situation in Ethiapia is not exception in this regard and it is totally neglected. Democratic government is characterized by transparency and accountability. The primary responsibility in this regard falls on the shaulder of the parliament. The parliament has the pawer and the mandate to oversight the executives to ensure their policy and action commensurate with the need of society. By the advent of modern parliaments, the legislative preragative was the basic right to scrutinize government actions. The legislature, often conceived as the forum of the notion, acts as custodian of the electorate's trust. As such, it is tasked with ensuring executive accountability through a rigorous parliamentary process that invariably assesses the performance of Cabinet Ministers and their departments . However, nowadays; the lawmakers do not seem to attach the same impartance to this activity seeing it as a secondary functian. In this thesis the focus is assessing whether parliamentary aversight in Ethiapia (at the federal level) is effective in ensuring constitutionalism and accountability. To this end, the issue of the possible taols of parliamentary oversight that available to the House of Peoples Representative and the factars affecting parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia also to be dealt. The FORE constitution empowers the House of Peoples Representative to call and question any government offiCials including the PM and may take any measures it deems necessary. Likewise, proclamation No.470/2005 and Regulatian No.3/2006 also empowers the HPR to oversee the executive's overall actions and activities. Thus, this research aims at examining whether the existing Ethiopian parliament is effective in discharging its constitutional mandate of overseeing the executive and to what extent oversight ensures constitutionalism and accountability. The study examines the tools that the House uses in conducting oversighr and most importantly factors affecting parliamentary oversight. The study will be conducted by analyzing pertinent laws and with theoreticol and practical analysis. Accordingly, the writer argues that the existing Ethiopian parliament is ineffective in conducting effective parliamentary oversight. Thus, objective of oversight which the regulation provides, ensuring constitutionalism, rule of law and accountability among other things remain in question. At the federal level, (in Ethiopia in general) there are different factors hindering the parliament's oversight function. Among this factor most importantly the party system (one party domination), lack of understanding of the signlficonce of oversight by the MP, inadequate resources like financial constraint, experts and lack of commitment and the status of legislative- executive relation are among the challenges of parliamentary oversight.
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    Parliamentary Oversight and its Role in Ensuring Constitutionalism and Accountability under the FDRE Constitution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-11) Ahmed, Awel; Degefa, Aberra (PhD)
    Parliamentary oversight is neglected area of research in many jurisdictions and there is very limited discussion on the area. The situation in Ethiopia is not exception in this regard and it is totally neglected. Democratic government is characterized by transparency and accountability. The primary responsibility in this regard falls on the shoulder of the parliament. The parliament has the power and the mandate to oversight the executives to ensure their policy and action commensurate with the need of society. By the advent of modern parliaments, the legislative prerogative was the basic right to scrutinize government actions. The legislature, often conceived as the forum of the nation, acts as custodian of the electorate's trust. As such, it is tasked with ensuring executive accountability thraugh a rigorous parliamentary process that invariably assesses the performance of Cabinet Ministers and their departments. However, nowadays; the lawmakers do not seem to attach the same importance to this activity seeing it as a secondary function. In this thesis the focus is assessing whether parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia (at the federal level) is effective in ensuring constitutionalism and accountability. To this end, the issue of the possible tools of parliamentary oversight that available to the House of Peoples Representative and the factors affecting parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia also to be dealt. The FORE constitution empowers the House of Peoples Representative to coil and question any government officials including the PM and may take any measures it deems necessary. Likewise, proclamation No.470/2005 and Regulation No.3/2006 also empowers the HPR to oversee the executive's overoll actions and activities. Thus, this research aims at examining whether the existing Ethiopian parliament is effective in discharging its constitutional mandate of overseeing the executive and to what extent oversight ensures constitutionalism and accountability. The study examines the tools that the Hause uses in conducting oversighr and most impartantly factors affecting parliamentary aversight. The study will be conducted by analyzing pertinent laws and with theoretical and practicol analysis. Accordingly, the writer argues that the existing Ethiopian parliament is ineffective in conducting effective parliamentary oversight. Thus, objective of oversight which the regulation provides, ensuring constitutionalism, rule of law and accountability among other things remain in question. At the federal level, (in Ethiopia in general) there are different factors hindering the parliament's oversight function. Among this factor most importantly the party system (one party domination), lack of understanding of the significance of oversight by the MP, inadequate resources like financial canstraint, experts and lack of commitment and the status of legislative - executive relation are among the challenges of parliamentary oversight.
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    Parliamentary Oversight and its Role in Ensuring Constitutionalism and Accountability under the FDRE Constitution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-11) Ahmed, Awel; Degefa, Aberra (PhD)
    Parliamentary oversight is neglected area of research in many jurisdictions and there is very limited discussion on the area. The situation in Ethiopia is not exception in this regard and it is totally neglected. Democratic government is characterized by transparency and accountability. The primary responsibility in this regard falls on the shoulder of the parliament. The parliament has the power and the mandate to oversight the executives to ensure their policy and action commensurate with the need of society. By the advent of modern parliaments, the legislative prerogative was the basic right to scrutinize government actions. The legislature, often conceived as the forum of the nation, acts as custodian of the electorate’s trust. As such, it is tasked with ensuring executive accountability through a rigorous parliamentary process that invariably assesses the performance of Cabinet Ministers and their departments. However, nowadays; the lawmakers do not seem to attach the same importance to this activity seeing it as a secondary function. In this thesis the focus is assessing whether parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia (at the federal level) is effective in ensuring constitutionalism and accountability. To this end, the issue of the possible tools of parliamentary oversight that available to the House of Peoples Representative and the factors affecting parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia also to be dealt. The FDRE constitution empowers the House of Peoples Representative to call and question any government officials including the PM and may take any measures it deems necessary. Likewise, proclamation No.470/2005 and Regulation No.3/2006 also empowers the HPR to oversee the executive’s overall actions and activities. Thus, this research aims at examining whether the existing Ethiopian parliament is effective in discharging its constitutional mandate of overseeing the executive and to what extent oversight ensures constitutionalism and accountability. The study examines the tools that the House uses in conducting oversight and most importantly factors affecting parliamentary oversight. The study will be conducted by analyzing pertinent laws and with theoretical and practical analysis. Accordingly, the writer argues that the existing Ethiopian parliament is ineffective in conducting effective parliamentary oversight. Thus, objective of oversight which the regulation provides, ensuring constitutionalism, rule of law and accountability among other things remain in question. At the federal level, (in Ethiopia in general) there are different factors hindering the parliament’s oversight function. Among this factor most importantly the party system (one party domination), lack of understanding of the significance of oversight by the MP, inadequate resources like financial constraint, experts and lack of commitment and the status of legislative- executive relation are among the challenges of parliamentary oversight.
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    Parliamentary Oversight and its Role in Ensuring Constitutionalism and Accountability under the FDRE Constitution
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-11) Ahmed, Awel; DEGEFA, ABERRA (Ass. Professor
    Parliamentary oversight is neglected area of research in many jurisdictions and there is very limited discussion on the area. The situation in Ethiopia is not exception in this regard and it is totally neglected. Democratic government is characterized by transparency and accountability. The primary responsibility in this regard falls on the shoulder of the parliament. The parliament has the power and the mandate to oversight the executives to ensure their policy and action commensurate with the need of society. By the advent of modern parliaments, the legislative prerogative was the basic right to scrutinize government actions. The legislature, often conceived as the forum of the nation, acts as custodian of the electorate’s trust. As such, it is tasked with ensuring executive accountability through a rigorous parliamentary process that invariably assesses the performance of Cabinet Ministers and their departments. However, nowadays; the lawmakers do not seem to attach the same importance to this activity seeing it as a secondary function. In this thesis the focus is assessing whether parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia (at the federal level) is effective in ensuring constitutionalism and accountability. To this end, the issue of the possible tools of parliamentary oversight that available to the House of Peoples Representative and the factors affecting parliamentary oversight in Ethiopia also to be dealt. The FDRE constitution empowers the House of Peoples Representative to call and question any government officials including the PM and may take any measures it deems necessary. Likewise, proclamation No.470/2005 and Regulation No.3/2006 also empowers the HPR to oversee the executive’s overall actions and activities. Thus, this research aims at examining whether the existing Ethiopian parliament is effective in discharging its constitutional mandate of overseeing the executive and to what extent oversight ensures constitutionalism and accountability. The study examines the tools that the House uses in conducting oversight and most importantly factors affecting parliamentary oversight. The study will be conducted by analyzing pertinent laws and with theoretical and practical analysis. Accordingly, the writer argues that the existing Ethiopian parliament is ineffective in conducting effective parliamentary oversight. Thus, objective of oversight which the regulation provides, ensuring constitutionalism, rule of law and accountability among other things remain in question. At the federal level, (in Ethiopia in general) there are different factors hindering the parliament’s oversight function. Among this factor most importantly the party system (one party domination), lack of understanding of the significance of oversight by the MP, inadequate resources like financial constraint, experts and lack of commitment and the status of legislative- executive relation are among the challenges of parliamentary oversight.