Browsing by Author "Addissie, Adamu"

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    Assessment of Cervical Cancer Services and Cervical Cancer Related Knowledge of Health Service Providers in Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2014-11) Getahun, Firdawek; Addissie, Adamu
    Background: Human papiloma virus (HPV), which is mostly acquired by sexual intercourse, is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Every year more than over quarter of a million women die from cervical cancer and because of poor access to screening and treatment services, large majority of these deaths occur in women living in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, cervical cancer ranks as the most frequent cancer among women and every year nearly three and half thousands women die with cervical cancer.Majorty of the women had poor knowledge about cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening practice. Objective: To assess cervical cancer services and cervical cancer related knowledge of health service providers in public health facilities in Addis Ababa. Method: A facility-based cross sectional study accompanied by observational assessment was conducted from September 2013-September 2014 in public health facilities in Addis Ababa. A pre-tested, structured and semi-structured questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect data. The data was collected from 5 randomly selected health centers and 3 purposively selected hospitals. A total of 309 health service providers were included in the assessment of their knowledge related to cervical cancer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The chi-square test was used to look for an association between cervical cancer knowledge and socio-demographic variables. Result: Two of the three hospitals included in the study had cervical cancer screening services Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and precancerous treatment cryotherapy and Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).One third of the hospital had cervical cancer diagnosis service punch biopsy and cancer treatment. All the hospitals had trained health professionals and basic facilities, materials, and equipments for the available cervical cancer services. Of all the respondents who consider cervical cancer had biological cause, 192 (62.2%) said virus and 79 (25.6 %) said bacteria. Regarding mode of transmission, they said that it could be transmitted through sexual intercourse 274 (88.7%) and blood contact 45(21%). Majority, 289 (93.5. %) of the respondents said cervical cancer was a preventable disease. Out of those who considered cervical cancer preventable by vaccination, only 121(39.2%) identified correctly the recommended age for HPV vaccine. Having multiple sexual partners 257 (83.2%) and post coital bleeding 251(81.2%), were the most mentioned risk factor and clinical manifestation of cervical cancer respectively. Majority of the respondents were aware of the correct time to start screening viii | P a g e 291(70.5%) and only small percents 95(25.9%) knew screening intervals. Knowledge about cervical cancer was higher in general practitioner and above (X2 = 20.93, P=0.000) and health officers and degree nurses (X2 = 5.90, P=0.015) than diploma nurses. Female had better knowledge about cervical cancer than male (X2 = 8.4, P=0.003). But overall, 165 (53.4%) of health providers scored below the mean knowledge level score about cervical cancer. All the facilities had internal and external referral slips for communicating of referred patients and also kept their records. Absence of trained man power and necessary facilities were the major reasons for referral Conclusion and Recommendation: All the hospitals had trained health providers and screening, diagnosis and treatment infrastructures for the available cervical cancer services but the services were not available at one point. Majority of health professionals in service providing facilities knew the biological cause, mode of transmission, risk factors, clinical presentations, screening methods and time to start and prevention methods of cervical cancer. But most did not know HPV vaccine, the recommended age group and the recommended number of doses and over all time taken, screening intervals and the precancerous treatment methods. The government should expand the full cervical cancer services to be available at least in these hospitals (at one point).Training should be considered for health providers who had no previous training to gain more knowledge about this area.
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    The Involvement of men in family Planning an Application of Transtheoretical model in Wolaita Soddo town south Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2009-06) Wondimu, Abraham; Addissie, Adamu
    Introduction Reproductive health in its broader sense should be a concern for all and not for just that of women, and reproductive health matters needs the attention of entire family and the society at large. Historically most reproductive health programs focused mainly on women and offered their services exclusively to women’s. Most viewed women as the target group and paying little attention to the role that men might have with respect to women’s reproductive decision making and behavior. The behaviors of husband and male sexual partners have significant impact on the contraceptive use of their wives and partners.This study explored the involvement of men in family planning by employing one of the health behavior models TransTheoretical model (TTM) in Wolaita Soddo town. Objectives To assess the involvement of men in fertility preference and contraceptive use by using of Tran theoretical model of behavior change Methodology Community based cross-sectional study was done in Wolaita zone, Soddo town Southern Ethiopia. Both qualitative and quantitative method was employed Focus group discussion was a qualitative method to complement the finding of the quantitative study. Data entry, data cleaning and analysis was done by SPSS version15 soft ware package. Ethical clearance was obtained from school of public health faculty of medicine. viii Result About 96% of the respondents were familiar with at least one family planning method the commonly known method pills (96%) Injectables (94.5%), condom (88.6%) Norplant (35.3%) and IUD (22.5%) Overall 65.5% of married men currently practice family planning method 77.5% approved use of contraception and about 60% of study participant discussed the issue of family planning. Behavioral stage of men in family planning method use, 26.7% were in the precontemplation Stage,7.8% contemplation,4.5% preparation,16.1% in the action stage 49.4% in maintenance stage. Conclusion and recommendation The study found high prevalence of knowledge of contraceptive methods among married men, but a relatively low utilization of male method. Discussion between spouses and their joint decision-making on contraceptive use was also found to be high. Most of behavioural stage of men was in maintenance/action stage. Targeted Stage based IEC intervention were recommended Key Words Family planning, Male involvement, Transtheoretical model, Stage of change, Targeted Intervention
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    Magnitude of Breast and Cervical Cancer and Associated Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2013-09) Letta, Getachew; Addissie, Adamu
    BACKGROUND The major health problem of the country, Ethiopia has been largely preventable communicable diseases and nutritional disorders. Breast and cervical cancer is the primary non infectious disease following hypertension and diabetes. Breast and cervical cancers are public health problem and the most common cause of cancer deaths among women in developed or developing countries. However there is no adequate information regarding magnitude and associated risk factors of breast and cervical cancer in Ethiopia. This study identifies the magnitude and associated risk factors of breast and cervical cancer and some useful input for National Health Care Service. General Objective To assess the magnitude of breast and cervical cancer and associated risk factors for breast cancer in Addis Ababa, Tikur Anbessa Specialized referral hospital from March1/2013-april 15/2013. Methodology Cross-sectional study of retrospective secondary data and case control study were conducted in Addis Ababa, Tikur Anbessa Specialized referral Hospital. Result Breast and cervical cancers cross-sectional retrospective data were 753 and case control directly collected from cancer radiotherapy department and Gyn/Obs department were 357 included in the study. The mean age for breast cancer was 47.6 years with Sd 14.1, minimum age 15 years and maximum was 99 years and cervical cancer mean age 51.6 years with Sd 12.8 minimum age 20 and maximum 92 years. The incidence rate of breast cancer was 28.4 from 100,000 female and 15.7 from 100,000 female for cervical cancer. The breast cancer incidence was very high among A.A city dwellers. The body mass index of participants above 25.1kg/m2 4.6 times (AOR= 4.643 (95% Cl: 1.819, 12.896) more likely affected than body mass index less 25.1kg/m2.Age 50 years and above 6 time (AOR=6.003 (95% CI: 2.606, 13.830) more likely affected than lower age groups. Conclusion Incidence of breast cancer in Addis Ababa city was higher, which is needed more health check up and intervention. Ministry of health should have set clinical and self breast examination and cervical screening every six month for all age above 40 yrs, BMI greater than 25.1kg/m2 and those live in rented house.
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    Malaria and HIV Co-Infection in Hadya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
    (A, 2004-04) Addissie, Adamu; Enquselassie, Fikre
    Back Ground: Malaria and HIV/AIDS are the major priority medical challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular and yet little has been known so far on the clinical and public health implications of HIV and Malaria co-infection. Even if the statistical effect is modest, any interaction between these two infections would have public health significance. Objectives: A cross sectional health institution based study was conducted between mid October 2003 and mid January 2004 in three health facilities in Hadya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of HIV malaria co-infections in the area and to describe the clinical manifestations of malaria in HIV positive and HIV negative malaria patients. Subjects and methods: A total of 337 microscopically confirmed malaria patients in the age range of 15-34 years were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio demographic and clinical variables. Physicians used a checklist of physical findings during physical check up of patients. Anonymous HIV testing was done on the blood samples of the patients using single ELISA technique by an experienced laboratory technologist. xiv Results: The HIV serostatus assessment revealed that 4.2% (14 out of 337) of the patients were seropositive for HIV. No socio demographic difference was detected between HIV positive and HIV negative malaria patients. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study concluded that the current HIV prevalence among P.faciparum malaria patients was not different from the HIV seroprevalence in the general population in the area, based on the prevalence findings from the national sentinel reports. No strong evidence suggesting an association between HIV and malaria was identified. The need for further studies with improved methodologies and designs is emphasized. Key Words: HIV, Malaria, Coinfection, Health Institution, Ethiopia
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    Organizational Responses and Sexual And Reproductive Health Needs of Street Children in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Abeba University, 2011-05) Demelash, Habtamu; Addissie, Adamu
    Background - The lives of millions of street children worldwide are at risk because they do not have the information, skills, health services and support they need to go through sexual development during adolescence. It was time to put in place viable programmes or strategies that will ensure the sexual health problems street children are urgently addressed. But rigorous assessment has not been undertaken so far to identify whether special and street children-friendly sexual and reproductive health and HIV/ AIDS prevention and treatment services were existing in Addis Ababa. This study is therefore undertaken to systematically investigate the fit between street children’s sexual and reproductive health needs and the existing programmatic responses. Objective - This paper tried to explore to what extent the present health interventions address sexual and reproductive health needs of street children in Addis Ababa. Method-Across-sectional study was conducted among 422 street children and four service providers using a structured questionnaire, focus group discussions and through individual interview. Study participants were selected using time location sampling (TLS) technique which includes different areas at different time in five sub cities of Addis Ababa. Results -At the time of the survey, most participants (72.5%) were ever had sexual intercourse (66.2% of boys, and 90.4% of girls) and the mean age at their first sexual intercourse were 15.4 years for males and 14.3 years for females. Comparing males and females, 84.3% of males and 85.7% of females tended to have multiple sexual partners. Concerned to Substance use, more than two third (67.3%) of the participants were used at least one type of substance. A history of drug use (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.42–4.56), and being on the street for the first 1-3 years (OR = 5.9; 95% CI=1.41- 25.22) increased the likelihood of displaying sexual activity. A large proportion (64.9%) of the street children did not attend any kind of sexual and reproductive health education programs. Regarding Perceived and actual barriers, limited access to local sexual and reproductive health services, 26.5% of participants stated lack of information on available services as the biggest barrier. From the individual interview with coordinator of special clinics for street children, it was indicated that financial and networking problems were affecting the service delivery for children by different actors. Conclusion- Street children who are special high risk group, have not been targeted and hence continue to remain vulnerable and lacking in sexual and reproductive health services that cater to their needs and sexual health services are poorly advertised and delivered to them.