Browsing by Author "Abota, Arka (PhD)"

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    Analysis on Media Framing of Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia (From April 2-October 2, 2018): The Ethiopian Herald and the Reporter Newspapers in Focus
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-09) Endeg, Getnet; Abota, Arka (PhD)
    Conflict is as old as human history. It is a clash of ideas resulted from the presence of incompatibility of beliefs, ideas, values, wants and goals of people. This definition shows that the presence of incompatibility is the cause of conflict. Ethiopia has been experiencing the most widespread and worst ethnic conflicts after the coming of Abiy Ahmed into power. This was really a tragedy for Ethiopians. The purpose of this study is to assess how the two print media namely, The Ethiopian Herald and The Reporter newspapers, frame the ethnic conflicts that occurred from April 2, 2018- October 2, 2018. These newspapers were deliberately selected since they are well known and interested in dealing with critical issues and current affairs. These newspapers are from government and private print media. The English version of the newspapers was selected, because this avoids ambiguity during translation of its Amharic version. Similarly, the period was intentionally chosen because there were several ethnic conflicts during that particular period. Media were also allowed to cover issues freely. To meet the main objectives of the research, four main research questions were set. These are: what were the data sources for The Ethiopian Herald and The Reporter newspapers during covering ethnic conflicts? What are the frames of The Ethiopian Herald and The Reporter newspapers used during covering ethnic conflicts? How do The Ethiopian Herald and The Reporter newspapers cover causes and consequences of ethnic conflict issues during the study period? Why The Ethiopian Herald and The Reporter newspapers choose to use these types of frames in ethnic conflicts? The research used textual analysis and interview to answer the questions. The research has found the following findings: four frames: the annihilation, the attribution of responsibility, incapability of government officials and law and order, crime and justice are identified in the study. Government offices were highly used as sources by The Ethiopian Herald. The Reporter mostly uses victims, government officials and academics so as to cross-check the credibility of the source. The sources influenced the selected newspapers to frame the stories the way identified above. It also influences the newspapers to cover mostly the consequences ignoring the root causes of the ethnic conflict. The research also identified that the ownership and political ideology of the media has an impact in covering ethnic conflicts.
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    Assessing the Communication Strategies in Agricultural Research: with Special Emphasis on Moret -Jiru Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Alayou, Samrawit; Abota, Arka (PhD)
    Agricultural extension communication efforts in Ethiopia are criticized for not helping bring notable agricultural development, due to, among the main reasons, faulty communication approaches along the research extension- farmer linkage. This qualitative study was an attempt to examine the approaches and acceptability of agricultural communication practices and strategies for agricultural development in Moret-Jiruworeda, (Mnagudo, Gerba and Woyramba) Kebeles. The revealing data were collected through four focus group discussions held with farmers and DAs in Moret-Jiruworeda,(Mnagudo, Gerba and Woyramba) Kebeles. And nine in-depth interviews within four Researchers and two PR experts from ministry of agriculture (MoA) and Debrebirihan agricultural research center (DBARC), three Journalists who produce agricultural programs for Ethiopia radio, Fana FM and Addis Zemen newspapers. Results showed that agricultural communication strategy in use for sharing or exchanging agricultural extension messages is not yet applied. Group and one to five communication methods are more acceptable approach on the stated area. The approach was identified largely non-participatory and the community perceives public relation experts as a political practitioner. Farmers also perceive extension workers as political cadre and tax collectors. mass media methods of communication also almost nil on the woreda; in which programs or texts are shaped by journalists with little involvement of agricultural experts on this causeFarmers put down all agricultural activities under political propaganda of government. Ministry of agriculture (MoA) and Debrebirihan agricultural research center (DBARC), have not agricultural communication strategy. The organization without integration and communication strategy they would not achieve the proposed goal become successful. This study also recommends that designing national agricultural communication strategy having implications for future interventions and researches are forwarded.
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    Perception and Practice of Developmental Journalism: The Case of Addis Lessen Newspaper
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Daniel, Solomon; Abota, Arka (PhD)
    In this research, the emphasis was given to analyze the perception and practice of development journalism in Addis Lissan Newspaper in accordance with the fundamental principles of developmental journalism and to objectives articulated in the editorial policy. Mixed research Method approach particularly qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied to conduct the study and in-depth interview and quantitative content analysis research method was applied in order to gather the data. For contents analysis, the data was collected news stories about seven months from July 8th, 2017 to February 7th, 2018. In this way, a total number of 183 news stories were selected by using systematic random sampling techniques for quantitative content analysis and applied SPSS to analyze the data. According to the finding, this study showed that there is misconception and gap of knowledge among the higher officials of the media house, government bodies and a little number of journalists in order to implement DJ principles regarding the editorial policy. On the other hand, the medium has workable editorial policy that supported the developmental journalism reporting approach but it is a paradox in practice. In relation to the major development issues, the medium gave more attentions and focused dominantly on good governance and democracy that covers 43 news (23.5%) of 183 news stories. The medium almost ignores constructive criticism way of reporting and 145 news stories (79.2%) framed as non-constructive criticism of the government problem in relation with the development process. The major sources of the news were government officials press release or conference and meeting or event based that had coverage about 140 (76.5%) news stories. In this case, the medium relayed on day to day meetings or events, rather than promoting of long-term development process. On the other hand, the medium did not give consideration for news sources of ordinary people because it relays 4 (2.2%) news stories. Most of the news that released was informative role of news which is the good will of the government with 80 news (43.7%). The medium is being busy on reporting success-oriented stories rather than reporting the progressive problems of the plans and projects critically. Regarding to the coverage of the news, 95 (51.9%) of the news stories were reported the national issues and regional (Addis Ababa) issues are reported in the second stage. Because of the above findings, the application of development journalism in AAMMA particularly in Addis Lissan newspaper was going in contradiction with most commonly agreed up on principle of development journalism. Therefore, Addis Lissan newspaper is not correctly practicing development journalism in line with its principles.
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    The Role and Utilization of Indigenous Communication in Conflict Resolution: The Case of Gedeo People South Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Bekele, Desalegn; Abota, Arka (PhD)
    The role and utilization of indigenous communication is still pervasive in different communities of Ethiopia. The people of Gedeo are one of the long lived people of Ethiopia who practiced the indigenous communication as means of conflict resolution. The purpose of this research was to analyze the role and utilization of indigenous communication in conflict resolution of the Gedeo people of southern Ethiopia. Qualitative methodology was employed to conduct the research. Individual interview, focus group discussions, and non-participant observation were used to gather the necessary data from the sample respondents in four woredas namely Gedeb,Yirga chefe , Dilla Zuria and Dilla town. Individual interviews were conducted with a total of 20 individuals (six from community elders, four from experts of culture and tourism, and ten from the members of the baalle /traditional administration system of the Gedeo people. Focus group discussions were held with three groups having six members of each (the age of participants ranged from 45-90).The study found that conflict exists among the people of Gedeo and the dominant causes of conflicts are farm land boundary and grazing land. Also it was revealed by the study that in the traditional conflict resolution, the people of Gedeo mostly employ the win - win approach on which neither a looser nor a winner, but cases are negotiated for mutual benefit. However, in most local songos people are losing their trust on the hayyichchas/the traditional judges because, few hayyichchas are acting against the people‟s belief of working for all people without taking any side/biases among individuals or groups. Also this significant communication assets transferring from generation to generation is facing great challenges. The researcher calls up on action the responsible bodies to verge such dangers from the people‟s asset and act in a way that changes the current situation being noticed.
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    The Role of Public Relations Activities in Promoting Biodiversity of Ethiopia with Focus on Biodiversity Institute of Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Wossen, Endalkachew; Abota, Arka (PhD)
    Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) has been serving as preservation and conservation of biodiversity in Ethiopia since its establishment ,therefore, the research mainly emphasis on assessing the role of public relations activity in line with promoting Biodiversity of Ethiopia nationally and globally. In other words, the general objective of this study is to discover how the existing public relations activities are implemented awareness creation purpose in EBI currently. In principal, the researcher has used qualitative research method approach and document analysis method. Data needed for this study were primary source of data and secondary source of data. The data collection tool was in-depth individual interview during the study. The number of respondents which were selected for in depth interview were 20 by using purposive sampling technique, in this case, researcher has analyzed the interview responses gathered from interviewees qualitatively. Besides this, secondary source of data gained from library of the Institute and public relations department were reviewed qualitatively as well. The finding of the study showed that public relations practitioner has not carried out the research with regard to identifying the appropriate public relations activities which can be compatible with the nature of the EBI, therefore, PR activities and its tools were an obstacle to draw a picture about biodiversity of Ethiopia in the mind of public. Generally, the concerned people could not get the significance information about Biodiversity as it is a part of human being from Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute lately. As a result, researcher has recommended that knowledge, attitude and practice analysis should be considered during designing the strategic communication activity because strategic communication is the key activity for awareness creation, besides this, corporate social responsibility activity should be applicable in face to face communication activity with target audience.