Browsing by Author "Abebe Daniel"

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    Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of Fiscal Policy Shocks on Key Macroeconomic variables in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2012-12) Abebe Daniel; Guta Fantu
    The Ethiopian economy has recorded an impressive growth performance for nearly a decade. The government has had a substantial and persistent size in the economy over these years. The dynamic effect of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables is, however, far from being obvious. The objectives of this study are, therefore, to empirically characterize the dynamic effects of net government spending, net tax revenue as well as disaggregated government spending components on key macroeconomic variables in Ethiopia using quarterly data over the period 1998/99:1-2010/11:4. A five variable and six variables SVAR models are constructed and the Blanchard and Perotti (2002) approach is employed to identify structural innovations. Impulse responses and variance decompositions are then estimated, respectively, to trace out the dynamic effects and unveil the relative importance of shocks in explaining the endogenous variables in the models. To substantiate the result, the recursive identification approach based on Cholesky decomposition is also used. Government expenditure shocks are expansionary and have inflationary impact at least in the short term. Tax shocks, on the other hand, have positive effect on output through increasing expenditures and have little impact on inflation. In view of the narrow tax base, there is a need to enhance the capacity to collect and administer tax. In normal times capital spending are more expansionary. Current spending can be used to stimulate the economy at the expense of lower output in the long run.
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    Hematological Profiles of War Trauma Patients Subjected to Long Hospital Stays at Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06-13) Abebe Daniel; Aster Tsegaye
    Background: Hematological parameters such as leukocytes, neutrophils, hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width, reticulocytes, and platelets, may be altered due to exposure to trauma. Published study is lacking assessing these values and derivative ratios. Objective: To determine the Hematological Abnormalities of War Trauma Patients Subjected to long hospital stays at Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (AFCSH), Ethiopia. Method: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 422 patients admitted at AFCSH from December 2023 to March 2024. Socio-demographic data and clinical information was collected using a questionnaire. A complete blood count analysis was done using Beckman coulter Dx800.The significant factors of hematological abnormalities of war trauma patients subjected to long hospital stay were assessed from the data and test result was analyzed by using SPSS version 27 statistical software. P values were deemed statistically significant if they were less than 0.05. Result: The majority of the patients (94.3%) were male, and their mean age was 23 years (SD=5). Following brain injuries (22.3%), lower extremity injuries (46%) were the most common. Of the patients who reported infections after being admitted, 145 of the patients had wound infections, which accounted for 34.4% of all cases;75.8% received transfusions, and 36% hadsurgeries.The highest mean white blood cell (WBC) (10.7+/-16.7 x109/L) and neutrophils (7.8+/-13.5x109/L) were seen in patients with abdominal injury. Mean Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)was highest in those with chest and abdominal double injury (10.1+/-10.2) same with Monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR) 0.5+/-0.2and Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) 259.3+/ 126.5. Bonferroni adjustment post hoc comparisons revealed that patients with wound infections had significantly higher WBC counts than patients without infections (mean difference = 2.252, SE = 0.7287, p 0.001), Neutrophil r =0.35 (P>0.001), PLR r =0.34 (P=>0.001), and NLR r =0.49 (P=>0.001). Conversely, there is a significant negative correlation between red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte and length of hospital stay with a p value of P=0.031 P=0.007,P=0.008, and P=0.001 respectively. Conclusion- The study highlights the potential of CBC markers in predicting patient prognosis and guiding clinical management. Additionally, it underscores the significance of early intervention to mitigate post-admission infections and the importance of effective infection control measures for improved patient outcomes. Integrating these findings into clinical practice can enhance the standard of care and treatment outcomes for war trauma patients. Key words-Hematological profile, Complete blood count, Trauma, Lengthy Hospital Stay