Browsing by Author "Abebe, Abiy"

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    Investigation on antibacterial and antifungal activity of some selected medicinal plants in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-06) Abebe, Abiy; Bitew, Adane (PhD, Associate Professor)
    Background: Cognizant of the fact that, there has been an alarming increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, emerging and re-emerging antibiotic resistance organisms; there is an urgent need of novel antimicrobial compounds with new mode of action, effective and inexpensive. One potential source for the search of such agent is medicinal plants due to the presence of wide range secondary metabolites in their tissue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of 12 traditionally used Ethiopian medicinal plants for their potency, spectrum of antibacterial, antifungal activity and acute toxicity. Methods: Ethnobotanical literature survey was conducted to select 12 medicinal plants. Antimicrobial activities of 80% Ethanol extracts of all plants were investigated by agar well diffusion techniques against 22 organisms. Agar dilution techniques were employed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory, Bactericidal and Fungicidal Concentrations. The Oral acute toxicity study was determined on the most active plant extract B. abyssinica. Results: Among investigated medicinal plants, B. abyssinica, X. strumarium, R. natalensis, Z. scabra, E. cymosa, C. abyssinica and S. abyssinica, showed strong antibacterial activity with inhibition zone ranging from 9-27 mm; while, B. abyssinica (42 mm) and X. strumarium (48 mm) showed strong antifungal activity. The extracts of B. abyssinica showed most potent antimicrobial activity with MIC value ranging 0.250-16 mg/ml. Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive organism against B. abyssinica with MIC value of 0.25 mg/ml. Nevertheless, K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter species were the least sensitive bacteria with 16 mg/ml MIC and MBC value. T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were the most susceptible fungal organism to the treatment of B. abyssinica, X. strumarium while, A. niger was the most resistant fungus. The LD 50 of B. abyssinica was found to be 4103.175 mg/kg. Conclusion: The majority of the plants tested showed promising antibacterial and antifungal potency, especially on gram positive bacteria and dermatophytes. Further studies are recommended to explore in-vivo efficacy, mechanism of action and toxicological studies of the most promising plant.
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    Marketing Decision Support System (Mdss) Case Studies on Aspsc & Mobil Oil East Africa Limited
    (Addis Ababa University, 2004-06) Abebe, Abiy; Kitaw, Daniel (PhD))
    Many marketing decisions are made in complex environments where numerous variables are affecting the decision outcomes. Faced with these difficulties, marketing executives seek decision aid tools like Marketing Decision Support System (MDSS). It is a tool to utilize relevant information from business environment and return it in to basis for making actions. Most of the international enterprises use this MDSS to improve the effectiveness of their decision making process. However, several of the domestic companies shy away from the use of decision support tools. The good examples of such companies are: Akaki Spare Parts and Hand Tools S. Co. and Mobil Oil East Africa Limited. The main intention of this thesis is to prepare tools that assist these two companies’ marketing decision makers in carrying out their tasks. To be successful, the companies’ current working systems are analyzed in detail with reference to the surveyed literatures. Then, selected decision problems are formulated using appropriate modeling techniques. Finally, computer programs that match with the diagnosed situations have developed by using visual basic computer programming language and its database by access computer programming language. The proposed MDSS works for four decision types, two from ASPSC and two from Mobil. It can be further implemented to other decision types with slight modifications.
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    Perception of High School Students towards Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing, Using Health Belief Model in Butajira, SNNPR
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2006-08) Abebe, Abiy; Mitkie, Getnet(PhD)
    A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in January 2006, among Butajira senior secondary school students. The objective of the study was to assess the perception and attitude of the students towards voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services based on Health Belief Model. A multi stage sampling method was used to fill 658 self-administered questionnaires of which 638 were returned complete making the respondent rate of 96.9%. Among the respondents, 415(65%) were males and 223(35%) were females. The mean age of the students was 16.25± 2.09. Of both sex mix, 129(20.22%) of the respondents had sexual experience i.e. 16.92% of the males and 3.3% of the females. The majority, 96.7% of them had heard about VCT services from different sources but only 118(18.5%) of the students had undergone VCT. Eighty two percent of the students were willing to undergo VCT. A theoretical construct with the intention to willingness to under go VCT was analyzed. Thus bi-variate regression analysis showed that willingness to VCT was significantly associated with perceived susceptibility AOR=0.37(0.28, 0.89), perceived barrier AOR= 0.45 (0.23, 0.89), perceived benefit AOR=1.79 (1.44, 2.49) Even if majority of the students had high level of knowledge, still they were engaged in risky sexual behavior. About half of the students had low perception ix towards acquiring HIV. Therefore, Information, education and communication programs should be established and emphasis should be put on reproductive health in order to encourage the students to avoid unsafe sex. HIV preventive messages like VCT should emphasis on personal susceptibility to HIV/ AIDS. Self-efficacy of the students to use VCT should be strengthened and quantitative study on perceived barriers and benefit of VCT should be conducted.