Browsing by Author "Solomon Emyu"

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    Assessment of Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors among Female Adolescent Students in Secondary and Preparatory School of Sebeta Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Addisalem Angessa; Solomon Emyu
    Background: Contraceptive is a key intervention in reducing and preventing unintended pregnancy and their negative health consequence among young people. It also improves adolescent's sexual and reproductive health, social and economic well-being. Little is known about use of modern contraceptive among adolescent and factors influencing its use among younger school girls in Ethiopia. Therefore, assessing contraceptive utilization and identification of context and area specific determinants and gaps are vital that provide baseline information for concerned body of evidence and enable one to take effective intervention concerning sexual and reproductive health of younger girls in the local context. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of contraceptive use and associated factors among secondary and preparatory school female adolescent students in Sebeta town Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 583 adolescent (15-19 years) students in secondary and preparatory school of Sebeta town Oromia region from April–May 2021. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select students. The data was collected by using a pre- tested structured self-administered questionnaire. The data field was edited and entered in to EPI-data version 4.3 and cleaned then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 for analyses. Variables p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered in the multivariable logistic regression analysis and a p-value of < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result: This study found that modern contraceptive utilization was very low(4.3%).The study showed that grade level (AOR=6.3 ; 95% CI: 2.1 ,11.3) ,age (AOR=9.24; 95% CI: 1.7, 49.9) ,adolescent father occupational status (AOR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.4, 7.3) , engaged in sexual intercourse the past 12 months (AOR=3.4 95% CI: 3.22, 8.6 ),respondent mother educational with Primary and secondary education (AOR= 2.9; 95% CI: 2.2, 5.3) ,discussion time with parents on modern contraceptive (AOR=5.15; 95% CI: 4.8, 15.9) and availability of modern contraceptive providing facility in school (AOR=4.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 6.6) were significantly associated with modern contraceptive use at p- value < 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation: Current use of modern contraceptive method among sebeta secondary and preparatory school female adolescent students was very low. Targeted information education communication intervention should be intensified to school adolescent in thus improve utilization of modern contraceptive method.
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    Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) Practice, Associated Factors and its Effects among School Girls of Northern Shewa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Engidashet Tsedeke; Mulugeta Betre; Solomon Emyu
    Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a process of managing menses wi necessary supplies and conditions by health and development promoted. Adolescents and youte specially school girls in the rural area are the prime victims of MHM problems. MHM challenge in low and middle income countries gain global attention recently. Generating context specifevidences would have paramount importance to design proper interventions. Objective: To assess menstrual hygiene management practice, associated factors and its effecamong school girls of Mida Woremo District in North Shewa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019/20. Method: School based cross-sectional study design with stratified sampling procedure waapplied. Samples were selected by lottery method from each stratum. Data was collected by sel administered questionnaire, FGDs and observation. Data was entered to Epidata version 4.6.2 anexported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Both descriptive and binary logistic regressioconducted for quantitative and thematic analysis for qualitative part. Association expressed terms of COR and AOR with 95% CI by using p-value<0.05 as cutoff point. Result and Conclusion: Response rate of the study was 98%. MHM practice among schogirls was 39% (95%CI: 35%, 44%). Good knowledge, father’s occupation (government emplo other), family income ≤3350, have no pocket money, having TV and having private water line were significantly associated with MHM practice. Both health related (depression, illness/pain and development related (absenteeism, distraction of concentration etc.) problems were commoamong school girls. Improving knowledge of school girls and the general public, strengthening existing intervention and its monitoring and evaluation and cooperation and integration wouhave benefit of in improving MHM practices among school girls.
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    Assessment of Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors among High School Students in Bole Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-07) Takele Alemu; Solomon Emyu
    Background: Worldwide there are 1.2 billion young people aged 15 to 24 years which account 16 per cent of the global population. Youth are often considered as the healthiest stages of life, but they are also at critical periods which young people are faced with a unique set of threats to their health and survival and at risk of unsafe abortion, unintended pregnancy, unmet need of family planning and STIs including HIV/AIDS. Objective: To assess youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Utilization and Associated Factors among high school youth students in Bole Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods: Cross sectional study design method was conducted from November to March, 2021 in Bole Sub City high schools. Stratified multi stage sampling technique was applied to select the 534 study participants based on the type of school. Quantitative data obtained from each respondent were entered into epidata 3.1 versions and then export to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. The degree of association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Variables with p value of less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results :Sexual and reproductive health service utilization among youth secondary school students in Bole sub city found to be low(33.5%) and the odds of youths who had SRH services in their residential area were 3.3 times more likely to utilize SRH service as compare to those who didn’t had SRH services in their area (AOR=3.3, 95%CI, (1.9, 5.8)). Similarly,the odds of Youths who heard information about SRH services were 3.2 times more likely to utilize SRH service than those not heard about SRH services (AOR= 3.2, 95%CI (1.8,5.7). Conclusion: This study indicated that providing information about SRH services ,insuring privacy and confidentiality during service delivery ,respect full care , availing school clinic and SRH services in their residential area is needed to increase SRH service utilization among youths.
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    Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and its Association with Age at First Sex among Youth in Preparatory School of Adama, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-09) Samuel Bayu; Solomon Emyu; Nigussie Assefa
    Background: In Ethiopia evidence shows that the median age at first sexual debut among in school youth is below 18 years and majority of them start sexual intercourse early and before marriage. Early sexual intercourse increases risk of sexual and reproductive health problems commonly, sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV/AIDS and risk of teenager’s pregnancy and its consequence. One of the major factors for the present-day youth and adolescents’ sexual behaviors is exposure to sexually explicit material. Sexually explicit materials are textual, visual, or aural materials that depict sexual behaviors or acts or that expose the reproductive organs of the human body. It includes erotic and pornographic materials, which get released through print media, video films, Internet, and music videos. Objectives: To assess exposure to sexually explicit materials and its association with age at first sex among youth in preparatory school of Adama, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches was conducted in Adama town from December 07,2020 to December 10,2020 among six hundred four (604)randomly selected preparatory school students. Pre-tested, self-administered structured questionnaire and in-depth interview were a method for data collection. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the degree of association between associated factors and the outcome variables. For the qualitative approach the data was analyzed by thematic analysis. Result:358(59.4%)students were exposed or ever watched sexually explicit materials and majority of them 246(70.3%)were exposed first to this material in their early age (11-15 years of age). The over all proportion of sexual initiation was 127(21.1%) and the median age at first sex was 17.00 years. This study found that, age at first sex have significantly associated with exposure to sexually explicit materials and those who had exposed to sexually explicit materials more likely to start sex early (AOR= 7.55, 95%CI: 1.47-38.75) than those who were not exposed. Conclusion: Currently significant number of in school youth consume sexually explicit materials widely and being exposed to sexually explicit materials in early age affects age at first sex.
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    Impact and Behavioral Assessment of HIV/Aids in Addis Ababa Police Force
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 2004-04) Solomon Emyu; Gail Davey
    HIV infection is the "first wave" of the pandemic and AIDS morbidity and mortality is the "second wave". Economic, social and governance impact is the "third wave". This wave is amenable to a wide range of different responses. Understanding and quantifying the impact of HIV/AIDS is a key component of strategic thinking. The objective of this study is to assess the HIV/AIDS impacts and related behavioral factors in the Addis Ababa police force; and it used a cross sectional survey to achieve the above mentioned objective. HIV/AIDS related cause of death contributed three quarters of officers' death, and HIV positive or probable HIV infected patients were using the medical service more frequently and at great cost than other officers. Twenty seven percent of officers had multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months, while 107 (33.4%) officers had been engaged in risky sexual intercourse in the last 12 months. Based on the findings it is concluded that HIV/AIDS is a major cause of death and is set to become an expensive health service burden; and still Police Officers are highly vulnerable to the epidemic but feeling falsely safe. Educational activities on risk of HIV/AIDS, STDs and condom use with benefit of voluntary counselling and testing are recommended.
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    Trend, Disease Burden and Determinants of Mortality among Children 5-14 Years in South-Central Ethiopia: Analysis Using Butajira Health and Demographic Surveillance System Data (1987-2022)
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Hailemariam Negash; Wubegzier Mekonnen,; Solomon Emyu; Gebretsadik Shibre
    Background: Nearly, 0.9 million children aged 5-14 died globally in 2020. The death is especially unacceptable since the majority died of preventable or treatable causes. Although communicable diseases are still the leading causes, non-communicable diseases, and external causes account for half of all deaths, posing a triple burden. Objective: To assess the trend, disease burden, and determinants of mortality among children 5-14 years in Butajira, south-central Ethiopia from 1987 through 2022. Methods: The Butajira Health and Demographic Surveillance System open prospective cohort (1987-2022) and cause of death data acquired via verbal autopsy procedures (2007- 2022) were analyzed. Event history analysis was used to study mortality trends and the incidence of child death by covariates. The broad and specific causes of death burden for children aged 5-14 years were measured. The adjusted Incidence rate ratio (aIRR) with its 95% confidence interval in the Poisson regression model was used to measure strength, direction, and significance of the association between child mortality and exposure variables. Results: A declining trend in the incidence child mortality was observed (Kendall’s tau = - 0.83; P-value < 0.0001). The overall incidence of child mortality was 6.31 (5.99, 6.64) deaths per 1000 person-years. Communicable diseases (39.2%) were the major causes of death followed by non-communicable diseases (35.4%) and external causes (23.4%). HIV/AIDS (14.6%), severe malnutrition (13.1%), accidental drowning & submersion (8.5%) and RTA (8.5%) were the leading specific causes of death. The incidence of child mortality was higher among males with aIRR/95% CI (1.27 (1.15, 1.41)), older children (2.06 (1.84, 2.29)), ruralists (2.42 (1.88, 3.12)), lowlanders (1.37 (1.17, 1.60)), owned house (3.98 (2.33, 6.79)), small households (1.18 (1.05, 1.32)), uneducated mother (2.03 (1.80, 2.29)), lived 10 KMs away from hospital (1.34 (1.11, 1.63)), used unprotected water source (1.35 (1.18, 1.55)), had at least one ox [(1.36 (1.19, 1.54), or 2+ oxen (1.54 (1.32, 1.79))] and with a house without window (1.38 (1.18, 1.62)), latrine (1.96 (1.60, 2.40)) and media exposure (1.87 (1.60, 2.19)). Conclusion: During the 36 years of study periods in Butajira HDSS, a significant declining trend in the incidence of child mortality was found. Older children and young adolescents are suffering from triple burden of diseases. A comprehensive targeted interventions needs to be delivered at societal, household and personal level to avert the mortality burden.