Browsing by Author "Mohammed Ahmed"

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    Exploring Tacklers' and Students' Perceptions of Error Correction in the Efl Classroom: Grade 11 in Focus
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-06) Mohammed Ahmed; !talo Beriso
    The main purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' and students' perceptions of error correction in the ~FL classroom. The study was designed to explore how teachers and students perceive errors, the typeB of errors that are frequently committed by learners, and the methods of error corrections employed. To achieve the objectives, 28 teachers and 174 students in two preparatory secondary schools (Hotie and Memihir Akalewold) in Dessie town were used as subjects. They filled in questionnaires, responded to interviews and observed in classrooms. This research revealed that both teachers and students believe that errors are rule deviations that occur both in speech and writing. And most of teacher interviewees confirmed that students do not want their errors to be corrected. The study also showed mismatches of error perceptions between teachers and students over the amount of spoken and written errors provided by teachers, the relevance of the method of giving hints or clues. The classroom observation results revealed that all the SlX observed teachers corrected 39 errors out of the 40 errors committed by students. This result clearly shows that teachers do not ignore some of learners' errors. Teachers were also observed giving less attention to selfcorrection. Only two errors (2.5% of the students' errors) were selfcorrected) which is against teachers' and students' responses of error perceptions and the views of scholars such as Murphy (1986), Tudor (1996) and Ancker (2000) which are in favour of the importance of selfcorrection. Error correction is a complex problem that teachers and students encounter in their classrooms. This research revealed teachers' and students' perceptions of error correction. The methods of error correction employed by teachers should be in line with the learners' preferences to make the language learning process successfuL
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    Histologic Type, Treatment Pattern, Outcome and Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome of Esophageal Cancer Patient Treated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2010-2016: A Cross -Sectional Study.
    (Addis Ababa Universty, 2018-01) Mohammed Ahmed; Adamu Adissie
    Background: Esophageal cancer is the eighth leading cancer case and the top sixth cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In Ethiopia esophageal cancer ranks the seventh and eighth as the leading cause of cancer mortality and morbidity respectively according to Globocan 2012 estimate. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess histologic type, treatment pattern, outcome and factors associated with treatment outcome of esophageal cancer Patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study using record review was employed at surgical oncology department, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. All newly confirmed esophageal cancer patients (n=349) who were registered at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016 were included in this study. Patients chart was reviewed and telephone interview was made to generate all variables required for the study from March to April 2017.Finally basic descriptive statistics ( frequency ,mean , median and tables ), bivariate and multivariable analysis was performed and statistical significance were ascertained with 95% CI at 0.05 alpha level. Result: A total of 349 esophageal cancer patients charts were reviewed. From a total of cases that were registered during seven years period there were 287 (90.3%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Surgery was done for 183(52.4%) of cases, 89(25.5%) received chemotherapy and 26 (7.4%) took radiotherapy which is palliative type. From all esophageal cancer patients who were included in this study 310 (88.8%) were not alive at a time of the study period. Only Chemotherapy (AOR 2.80(95%CI of 1.22, 6.41) and surgery (AOR 0.287 (95%CI 0.126, 0.625) were found to be factors associated with death from esophageal cancer. Conclusion: squamous cell carcinoma was the most predominant histologic type followed by adenocarcinoma affecting males and females equally. Most of the esophageal cancer patients were diagnosed in advanced stages affecting the treatment outcome of esophageal patients. Surgery was the most frequent treatment modality in the hospital, overall sex of patients, surgery and chemotherapy has significant association with treatment outcome of esophageal cancer patients.
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    In Vitro and in Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of 70 % Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Rosa Abyssinica R.Br. Ex Lindl (Rosaceae
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-02-10) Mohammed Ahmed; Workineh Shibeshi
    Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder result from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Given the high prevalence of disability and comorbidities associated with DM, it’s pivotal to bring forth sensible preventative and alternative treatment plans. Many plants in Rosacea family have been studied for their antidiabetic activity and Rosa abyssinica is one of the plant that widely used for its antidiabetic activity in traditional medicine in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to assess antihyperglycemic outcome of 70% ethanol extract of Rosa abyssinica. The in vitro antidiabetic effect was evaluated using assay for α-amylase inhibition of 70% ethanol fruit extract of R. abyssinica and positive standard, acarbose, at six different concentrations using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) technique. Conversely, normoglycemic, glucose-loaded, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse models were used to assess the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity. Five groups of mice—six mice in each group—were used in this investigation, consists of three experimental groups receiving 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, positive control group receiving glibenclamide (GLC5 mg/kg), and negative control group receiving distilled water (10 ml/kg). In STZ-induced diabetes, a single intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kg body weight of STZ was used to cause diabetes. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of the extract in STZ -induced diabetic mice was evaluated using single dose and repeated dose study for three weeks. The in vitro test for α-amylase inhibition was analyzed using independent sample t test and the result showed there were no significant difference between the extract and the standard drug, acarbose, with triplicate measurement of IC50 of 26.72 ± 3.60 and 21.37 ± 4.25μg/ml respectively. The in vivo antihyperglycemic effect both in the oral glucose challenge and STZ induced diabetic mice showed similar result between the positive control and the two highest dose of the extract. In the normoglycemic experiment except with the highest dose of the extract, RA400, the other doses of the extract showed no hypoglycemic side effect and the extract showed positive for all tested qualitative secondary metabolite tests and quantitative test results showed alkaloids (83.37 mg ATP/g), phenols (892 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (286.58 mg QCE/g) amounts.
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    Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Readiness in Ethiopia: Assessing Regulatory Framework, Corporate Governance, Financial Literacy & Technological Challenges
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-08) Mohammed Ahmed; Dakito Alemu (PhD)
    This study investigates the IPO (Initial Public Offering) readiness of companies in Ethiopia, focusing on the regulatory framework, corporate governance practices, financial literacy levels, and technological barriers that may impact their ability to successfully undertake an IPO. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations) in SPSS 20, with qualitative data gathered from semi-structured interviews. The target population comprises Chief Finance Officers (CFOs), Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), General Managers, Deputy General Managers, Finance Managers, and Chief Accountants from selected large taxpayer share companies and private limited companies within the manufacturing, banking, and insurance sectors in Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling technique, using Yamane's formula, was used to determine a sample size of 129 respondents. Primary data was collected through questionnaires with both open and closed-ended questions, and face-to-face interviews. Secondary data was obtained from sources such as the National Bank of Ethiopia, the Capital Market Authority, academic journals, and relevant financial proclamations and policies. The result of this study revealed the lack of compliance with international IPO standards, insufficient transparency in financial discloser, weak investor protection mechanisms, lack of independent oversight on board of directors, limited understanding of investment process among potential investors, insufficient education on risk and benefit of IPOs, lack of integration between technological platforms used in the IPO process, cyber security concerns that jeopardize sensitive information. The study recommended regulatory reform, enhancing corporate governance, improving financial literacy, addressing technological barrier and strengthening the IPO ecosystem. The research contributes to the understanding of factors influencing IPO decisions in emerging economies and provides practical guidance for companies considering going public in Ethiopia
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    Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Determinant Factors Among Patients Visiting Kutaber Health Center, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-08-08) Mohammed Ahmed; Mamo Hassen (PhD)
    Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are one of pronounced health problems in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was, thus, to assess the prevalence of IPIs and associated determinant factors among patients visiting Kutaber health center (KHC). Across-sectional study was conducted from October 2017-March 2018 using convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was prepared and used to identify, socio demographic, behavioral and other related risk factors. Stool specimens were collected from all study participants and were examined for intestinal parasites identification using direct saline smear-method. Finally, data entry and analysis were done using SPSS software (21vertion). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study 450 patients were participated in the final analysis, of those, 216 were males and 234 females. Majority of study participants 264 live in surrounding rural place of the study area, while the rest 186 live in the urban area. The proportion of age group, 5-14 years old (36.4%), 15 -24 years old (18.9%) and the majority of the study participants (44.7%) were ≥ 25 years old. Out of 450 samples examined 179(39.8%) patients had one or more intestinal parasites belonging to six different types(species) including mixed intestinal parasites. From the different intestinal parasites identified in the study area, protozoan infection was the most predominant. Among the intestinal protozoan parasites Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii was found to be 99(22%) and Gardia lamblia 46(10.2%). The prevalence of other intestinal helminths was Hymenolepis nana 12(2.7%), Entorbius vermicularis 10(2.2%), Ascariasis lumbricoides 7(1.6%), and Trichuris trichiura 2(0.4%). Among the 450 samples examined 176 (39.1%) of the cases had single infection and only 3(0.7%) were mixed parasites. Intestinal parasitic infections were prevalent among the study participants specially in the aged group 5-14 years old and those living in rural areas. Therefore, control measures including, health center and school-based education on personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, water supply and treatment should be taken in to account to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the study area, because IPIs will be difficult to control by drugs alone. Periodic evaluation of community is also necessary to provide useful information for appropriate control and management of these infections.
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    Magnitude and Clinical Pattern of Vitiligo at ALERT Center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-11) Demere Lishan; Mohammed Ahmed; Dr.Mehari Bethlehem
    Background: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and worldwide common depigmentation disorder with an estimated prevalence from 0.5 to 2%. The total number of people suffering from vitiligo is estimated at around 65-95 million people worldwide and little known about Vitiligo inEthiopia Objective: To determine the magnitude and clinical pattern of vitiligo in ALERT hospital Methodology : A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of medical records of patients diagnosed with vitiligo was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 Results: The Hospital magnitude of vitiligo was found to be 2.8 % and there was a slight female preponderance with 529(48.8%) males and 554(51.2) females, giving a male to female ratio of 1: 1.05. The commonest clinical form of vitiligo was vitiligo Vulgaris type 50(33.3%) followed by focal vitiligo40 (26.7%), acrofacial vitiligo 19(12.7%), mucosal 21(14%) The most common site of the presentation was combination face& neck+trunk+limb 51(34%), head and neck 32 (21.3%),periorificia+distal finger20 (13.3%), followed by the mucosa 17(11.3%). Conclusions vitiligo on the skin of color is usually a very striking disease .our findings that the pattern of vitiligo is similar to that reported from the other parts world.