Browsing by Author "Ketema Wakjira"

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    Assessment of Intergovernmental Relation Between the City of Dire Dawa and its Surrounding Local Administrations”
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Girma Cheru; Ketema Wakjira
    Studies on comparative federalism show that the increasing significance of IGR as the institutional and practical device to fit to contextual realities of the federal systems. When Cities expand, in need of more land for several purposes, they usually depend on their neighboring localities. Jurisdictional boundary disputes potentially occurred as cities appropriate a large portion of the neighboring territory as economic and functional hinterlands. The situation is even the worst in the cities like Dire Dawa which have other deriving factors like ethnic and socio-cultural diversities. The main objective of this study is to examine the nature of the existing IGR between Dire Dawa and its surrounding localities and its implication on the management of land specifically it identifies contextual factors shaping the relation between Dire Dawa and surrounding local administrations. It analyzes the impact of IGR between the City of Dire Dawa and surrounding local administration up on land management. The study uses a case study research design. It gathered data both from secondary and primary sources. For seeking primary data sources, it utilizes semi-structured interview, FGD, personal observation, and document review. The finding of the thesis shows that IGR played important role in handling land and boundary dispute between the City of Dire Dawa and Shinile Zone. The nature and form of IGR however, is not only informal but also weak and unsustainable. Hence, it is the contention of this thesis that the IGR between the City and surrounding locality needs robust guideline and sustainable institutional framework in order to handle mutual concerns.
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    “Assessment of Intergovernmental Relation between the City of Dire Dawa and its Surrounding Local Administrations”
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Girma Cheru; Ketema Wakjira
    Studies on comparative federalism show that the increasing significance of IGR as the institutional and practical device to fit to contextual realities of the federal systems. When Cities expand, in need of more land for several purposes, they usually depend on their neighboring localities. Jurisdictional boundary disputes potentially occurred as cities appropriate a large portion of the neighboring territory as economic and functional hinterlands. The situation is even the worst in the cities like Dire Dawa which have other deriving factors like ethnic and socio-cultural diversities. The main objective of this study is to examine the nature of the existing IGR between Dire Dawa and its surrounding localities and its implication on the management of land specifically it identifies contextual factors shaping the relation between Dire Dawa and surrounding local administrations. It analyzes the impact of IGR between the City of Dire Dawa and surrounding local administration up on land management. The study uses a case study research design. It gathered data both from secondary and primary sources. For seeking primary data sources, it utilizes semi-structured interview, FGD, personal observation, and document review. The finding of the thesis shows that IGR played important role in handling land and boundary dispute between the City of Dire Dawa and Shinile Zone. The nature and form of IGR however, is not only informal but also weak and unsustainable. Hence, it is the contention of this thesis that the IGR between the City and surrounding locality needs robust guideline and sustainable institutional framework in order to handle mutual concerns.
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    Assessment of Intergovernmental Relation between the City of Diredawa and its Surrounding Local Administrations
    (AAU, 2017-05) Girma Cheru; Ketema Wakjira
    Studies on comparative federalism show that the increasing significance of IGR as the institutional and practical device to fit to contextual realities of the federal systems. When Cities expand, in need of more land for several purposes, they usually depend on their neighboring localities. Jurisdictional boundary disputes potentially occurred as cities appropriate a large portion of the neighboring territory as economic and functional hinterlands. The situation is even the worst in the cities like Dire Dawa which have other deriving factors like ethnic and socio-cultural diversities.The main objective of this study is to examine the nature of the existing IGR between Dire Dawa and its surrounding localities and its implication on the management of land specifically it identifies contextual factors shaping the relation between Dire Dawa and surrounding local administrations. It analyzes the impact of IGR between the City of Dire Dawa and surrounding local administration up on land management. The study uses a case study research design. It gathered data both from secondary and primary sources. For seeking primary data sources, it utilizes semi-structured interview, FGD, personal observation, and document review.The finding of the thesis shows that IGR played important role in handling land and boundary dispute between the City of Dire Dawa and Shinile Zone. The nature and form of IGR however, is not only informal but also weak and unsustainable. Hence, it is the contention of this thesis that the IGR between the City and surrounding locality needs robust guideline and sustainable institutional framework in order to handle mutual concerns.
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    Customary Dispute Resolution and Peace Building in the Ethiopian Federation: The Case of Gamo
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-05) Zekarias Milkias; Ketema Wakjira
    This research examines the customary dispute resolution and peacebuilding practices of the Gamo people within the Ethiopian Federation. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing case studies, interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and document analysis to delve into the cultural norms and traditions that influence dispute-resolution processes. The findings reveal that the Gamo people employ distinct customary mechanisms structured similarly to the Ethiopian Federal System, prioritizing reconciliation over punishment and fostering peace. The Dubusha institution has been serving as a platform for reconciliation, mediation, and justice at different hierarchical levels. Seating arrangements, rituals, and symbols within Dubusha reflect the community's values of inclusivity, respect, and collective decision-making. Furthermore, the research highlights the role of Gamo fathers in conflict prevention and resolution, their recognition as "Peace Ambassadors of the Year," and their unique practices for addressing murder cases. The study also examines the flexibility of Gamo customary law, historical similarities with modern federalism, strengths in peacebuilding, and the compatibility of Gamo practices with human rights principles. Challenges such as a lack of formal documentation, limited professional training, and the need to preserve cultural traditions within the context of human rights are also identified. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding power dynamics, and social relationships and engaging younger generations in preserving Gamo customs and fostering sustainable peace through education, dialogue, and collaboration.
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    District Decentralization and Service Delivery: The Study of Water Supply in Chalia, Oromia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) Desalegn Chala Olika; Ketema Wakjira
    The purpose of this study was to assess the nature of Decentralization which describes the factors constraining of Water Supply service delivery, sectoral autonomy for the provision of WS services, district and supra- district institutional cooperation/ coordination and financial relations at the district level for WS services. it also assesses the level of community participation to promote WS and the extent decentralized district administration realizes water service delivery. Dara were gathered from both primary and secondary sources for obtaining primary data, interview, question and FGD were used as tools of data collection. The study basically used qualitative research approach. In doing so, the finding of the study reveals that in institutional and functional relationship is a decisive factor for the effective and responsive district water supply service delivery. The financial and human resource factors have hindered the implementation of water supply project in Chalia district. And also study performance was found to be low, which makes it difficult to conclude that there is significant change contrary to the expectations hoped to be realized after decentralization. This is because of constraints in financial and human resources and weaknesses in coordination and participation characterizing different actors in the district. Particularly, the lack of adequate owns revenue, participation and weak collaboration of the district, Zonal Water, mineral and Energy Office and Regional Water, Mineral and Energy Office have been challenging of WS project. Lack of proper coordination and participation hindered proper identification of local needs and resulted in lack of fairness in budget allocation for providing different public services. Priority setting has been dominated by other sector office and cabinet decisions, which restricted utilization of local potentials in terms of participation and affected the efficiency and responsiveness of the study district. Therefore the study controls that district WS service delivery needs qualified and excess of experts, coordination and integration of district and supra district, adequate amount of budget, community participation in planning and monitoring and mobilizing other stakeholders like NGOs for WS service delivery.
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    Federalism and Environmental Policy: The Case of Burayou City
    (Addis Ababa university, 2018-06) Mesfin Lemma; Ketema Wakjira
    The aim this research is to analyze the adequacy of environmental policies and legal frameworks, competencies of the federal, regional state and urban local governments in protection of environment. It particularly examined the implementation of environmental policy in the city of Burayou. In doing so, the study employed a mixed research approach; and primary data were collected using interview, FDG, questionnaire and personal observation. The finding of this research shows that there is inadequate policy and legal frameworks for addressing environmental problems at the local level. Due to lack of significant regulations, directives, procedural guidelines, and lack of standards and baselines to protect the environment, the local communities living around the industries have been vulnerable to environmental hazards. Public participation in environmental decision making hardly exists at the city level; and the environmental accountability is yet to be attained. There is weak intergovernmental coordination among environmental sectors at the three levels. There has been little supervision over the environmental sector at the city level; and the environmental sector in the city of Burayou suffers from capacity constraints. Hence, this study contends that there is a need for empowering urban local governments, strengthen environmental policies, and build the capacity of environmental bodies and to promote IGRs for implementation of environmental policies in rapidly urbanizing cities like Burayou.
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    Federalism and Jurisdiction of Customary Court in Oromia: The Case of Bacho Woreda
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-11-01) Bedo Muleta; Ketema Wakjira
    This study investigates federalism and the competency of customary courts in Oromia using Bacho Woreda as a case study. This study places the relationship between formal state laws and customary law within the context of Ethiopia’s federalism which gives regional states independent legal systems of their own. The study investigates the way customary courts coexist and engage with formal courts of law utilizing qualitative methods. The study looks at their role in the resolution of disputes and the governance of the community. A study of the issues recorded and the related adjudicating practices in Bacho Woreda indicates that customary courts substantially enhance harmony and cultural values. There are tensions between the laws of the State and custom, and many types of social relations are delimited by custom, and custom acts as a pressure group. The study shows that it is important to make effective policies which bring the federal agendas and local governance structures in a systematic way to not only increase access to justice but to empower the community which is more systematic so that it respects the local ethos and is in agreement with the constitutional framework of the country at large
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    Federalism and Students’ Conflict Management in Ethiopian Higher Educational Institutions: The Case of Arba Minch University
    (Addis Ababa Unversity, 2021-06) Amanu Tilahun; Ketema Wakjira
    Since recent years, conflict, particularly latent conflict is frequently emerged everywhere and at any time, especially in Ethiopian higher educational institutions but the ability to manage them is different from institution to institution. Thus, the main objective of the study is to examine the capacity of federalism to manage conflicts between or among students in Arba Minch university. To accomplish the above objective, mixed research approach, both primary and secondary sources of data as well as cluster and purposive sampling techniques were employed to provide well integrated and clarified data analysis. By doing so, the finding of the study has revealed that although there existed amicable social interaction among students of Arba Minch university, some latent conflicts such as interpersonal, interethnic and interreligious conflicts were rarely raised between or among students of the institution. Some of the main causes for the emergence of those conflicts in the university were ethnic identity and religious differences, absence of strong supervision upon the drive back students and those who have political mission, political instability of the country due to the manipulation of ethnic federalism, interregional state conflicts and students’ conflict in other universities. In this regard, students themselves, instructors and administrative staffs as well as the local community were the main actors of those conflicts. In addition, compromising and accommodation methods of conflict management altogether with ADR mechanisms were employed by the institution to manage students’ conflicts. Here, federalism, the local community and religious leaders have played prominent roles in managing students’ conflicts on the behalf of informal mechanisms. Furthermore, the university’s cooperative work culture with the local community and religious leaders; its alertness to solve various problems of students; and passionate and peace-loving culture of the local community are some good practices of Arba Minch university that other universities are expected to learn from it in relation to students’ conflict management in a peaceful manner. Yet, the study has verified that the institution should work a lot on preventing students’ conflicts proactively, and on the establishment of all-inclusive club/committee which conduct further studies upon the causes of students’ conflicts and various alternative solutions in order to manage students’ conflicts effectively than ever before.
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    Federalism and Students’ Conflict Management in Ethiopian Higher Educational Institutions: The Case of Arba Minch University
    (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021) Amanu Tilahun; Ketema Wakjira
    Since recent years, conflict, particularly latent conflict is frequently emerged everywhere and at any time, especially in Ethiopian higher educational institutions but the ability to manage them is different from institution to institution. Thus, the main objective of the study is to examine the capacity of federalism to manage conflicts between or among students in Arba Minch university. To accomplish the above objective, mixed research approach, both primary and secondary sources of data as well as cluster and purposive sampling techniques were employed to provide well integrated and clarified data analysis. By doing so, the finding of the study has revealed that although there existed amicable social interaction among students of Arba Minch university, some latent conflicts such as interpersonal, interethnic and interreligious conflicts were rarely raised between or among students of the institution. Some of the main causes for the emergence of those conflicts in the university were ethnic identity and religious differences, absence of strong supervision upon the drive back students and those who have political mission, political instability of the country due to the manipulation of ethnic federalism, interregional state conflicts and students’ conflict in other universities. In this regard, students themselves, instructors and administrative staffs as well as the local community were the main actors of those conflicts. In addition, compromising and accommodation methods of conflict management altogether with ADR mechanisms were employed by the institution to manage students’ conflicts. Here, federalism, the local community and religious leaders have played prominent roles in managing students’ conflicts on the behalf of informal mechanisms. Furthermore, the university’s cooperative work culture with the local community and religious leaders; its alertness to solve various problems of students; and passionate and peace-loving culture of the local community are some good practices of Arba Minch university that other universities are expected to learn from it in relation to students’ conflict management in a peaceful manner. Yet, the study has verified that the institution should work a lot on preventing students’ conflicts proactively, and on the establishment of all-inclusive club/committee which conduct further studies upon the causes of students’ conflicts and various alternative solutions in order to manage students’ conflicts effectively than ever before.
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    Federalism and the Impacts of Addis Ababa City Expansion on Farming Communities: The Case of Eekkaa Oromo, Yeka Abado
    (AAU, 2020-06) Nanati Gezmu; Ketema Wakjira
    This thesis aims to examine the impact of Addis Ababa city expansion on the surrounding farming community, with particular reference to the Ekkaa Oromo in the “Yeka Abado” area, and thereby evaluate the mechanisms of handling these impacts in a federal setting of Ethiopia. In doing so, the study has used mixed research approach. For gathering primary data, the study employed, different instruments of data collection, including questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions (FGD) with members of purposely selected Eekkaa Oromo farmers’ community at Yeka Abado. The study also used document analysis, from housing policy, constitution of FDRE, regulations, and procedures pertinent to the research under discussion as secondary data sources. The study found out that Yeka Abado condominium project is one of the causes for displacing Eekka Oromo communities from their farm lands without providing the chance of getting the condominium houses. Besides, the informal settlement is another cause for rapid urban expansion in the city and loss of the farm land for the farmers. The study found out that Eekkaa Oromo farmers at Yeka Abado are victims of negative impacts of the urbanization process taking place in their locality. They have already lost their original way of life particularly agricultural practices and these farmers are dispersed from their original habitat. Consequently, the urbanization process, measured in terms of the impact of Yeka Abado condominium housing project, has negatively impacted nearly all aspects of the farming communities’ life ranging from socio-cultural, economic to politics. This study, therefore, argues that impact of urban expansion and urbanization on the Eekkaa Oromo community contradicts with the constitutional, cultural, economic, territorial and political rights set by federalism of Ethiopia.
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    Federalism and Urban Governance: An Explorative Study of Intergovernmental Relations in Cities of Adama and Assosa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Ketema Wakjira; Fssefa Fiseha
    In the contexts of federal/multilevel arrangements and the urbanization processes, the effectiveness of urban governance involves intergovernmental coordination and cooperation. This thesis aims to explore the institutions and practices of IGR in urban governance under the federal system of Ethiopia. Through a comparative analysis of the case cities of Adama and Assosa, it analyses how the contextual factors in which the cities are embedded determine the design of urban institutions, local capacity and their relationship with the regional and neighboring local governments. The thesis also examines how the processes and practices of IGR operate in urban service provisions in the two cities under consideration. The study has used Intergovernmental Relation (IGR) framework as an institutional and practical exploration of urban governance issues in a federal setting. A multilevel research approach and a case study design are employed to analyze the municipal governance architecture, city’s vertical and lateral relationships, and IGR in urban service deliveries. The study has found out that the problem of urban governance is due to a mismatch between the local institutional capacities and functional responsibilities, and the existing institutions and practices of IGR did not empower the cities to bring effective urban service deliveries. The regional states have put the principles including the local autonomy, city’s accountability to the region and the need for cooperation, mutual respect, support and partnership as the basis for relations between the cities and regional states. The analysis, however, shows that the role of IGRs in urban service delivery is hampered due to competing urban visions, unsettled design of urban institutions, blurred regulatory powers over urban space and use of IGR instruments for political expediencies. This study, therefore, contends that the settled institutional status of cities, adequate local capacity, and strong and empowering institutions of IGRs could help for resolving the challenges of urban governance in Ethiopia.
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    Federalism and Urban Governance: An Explorative Study of Intergovernmental Relations in Cities of Adama and Assosa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-05) Ketema Wakjira; Assefa Fiseha
    FedeIn the contexts of federal/multilevel arrangements and the urbanization processes, the effectiveness of urban governance involves intergovernmental coordination and cooperation. This thesis aims to explore the institutions and practices of IGR in urban governance under the federal system of Ethiopia. Through a comparative analysis of the case cities of Adama and Assosa, it analyses how the contextual factors in which the cities are embedded determine the design of urban institutions, local capacity and their relationship with the regional and neighboring local governments. The thesis also examines how the processes and practices of IGR operate in urban service provisions in the two cities under consideration. The study has used Intergovernmental Relation (IGR) framework as an institutional and practical exploration of urban governance issues in a federal setting. A multilevel research approach and a case study design are employed to analyze the municipal governance architecture, city’s vertical and lateral relationships, and IGR in urban service deliveries. The study has found out that the problem of urban governance is due to a mismatch between the local institutional capacities and functional responsibilities, and the existing institutions and practices of IGR did not empower the cities to bring effective urban service deliveries. The regional states have put the principles including the local autonomy, city’s accountability to the region and the need for cooperation, mutual respect, support and partnership as the basis for relations between the cities and regional states. The analysis, however, shows that the role of IGRs in urban service delivery is hampered due to competing urban visions, unsettled design of urban institutions, blurred regulatory powers over urban space and use of IGR instruments for political expediencies. This study, therefore, contends that the settled institutional status of cities, adequate local capacity, and strong and empowering institutions of IGRs could help for resolving the challenges of urban governance in Ethiopia.ralism, Intergovernmental Relations, Urban Governance, Ethiopian Urban Management
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    Federalism and Urban Governance: An Explorative Study of Intergovernmental Relations in Cities of Adama and Assosa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017-06) Ketema Wakjira; Padmanabhan, V.K.
    In the contexts of federal/multilevel arrangements and the urbanization processes, the effectiveness of urban governance involves intergovernmental coordination and cooperation. This thesis aims to explore the institutions and practices of IGR in urban governance under the federal system of Ethiopia. Through a comparative analysis of the case cities of Adama and Assosa, it analyses how the contextual factors in which the cities are embedded determine the design of urban institutions, local capacity and their relationship with the regional and neighboring local governments. The thesis also examines how the processes and practices of IGR operate in urban service provisions in the two cities under consideration. The study has used Intergovernmental Relation (IGR) framework as an institutional and practical exploration of urban governance issues in a federal setting. A multilevel research approach and a case study design are employed to analyze the municipal governance architecture, city’s vertical and lateral relationships, and IGR in urban service deliveries. The study has found out that the problem of urban governance is due to a mismatch between the local institutional capacities and functional responsibilities, and the existing institutions and practices of IGR did not empower the cities to bring effective urban service deliveries. The regional states have put the principles including the local autonomy, city’s accountability to the region and the need for cooperation, mutual respect, support and partnership as the basis for relations between the cities and regional states. The analysis, however, shows that the role of IGRs in urban service delivery is hampered due to competing urban visions, unsettled design of urban institutions, blurred regulatory powers over urban space and use of IGR instruments for political expediencies. This study, therefore, contends that the settled institutional status of cities, adequate local capacity, and strong and empowering institutions of IGRs could help for resolving the challenges of urban governance in Ethiopia.
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    IGR and Interregional Conflict Management in the Ethiopian Federation: The case of Oromia and SNNP Regional Governments
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-07) Mustefa Aman; Ketema Wakjira
    This Thesis focuses on horizontal IGR between Oromia and SNNPR with a particular reference to the role of IGR in managing conflicts between West Arsi Zone (Oromia) and Sidama Zone (SNNPRS) based on the empirical evidences from the case Woredas on both Sidama of SNNPRS and West Arsi Zone of Oromia. It specifically examines the effectiveness of the institutions and mechanisms of IGRs for managing conflicts between these two administrations; and thereby evaluate whether the extant IGRs mitigate the conflicts. In order to achieve these objectives, the study employed in-depth interview, key informant interview, Focus Group Discussion and document review for obtaining primary data sources; and it has also utilized different secondary sources including books, Articles journal, published and unpublished sources. The study found out that, despite the previous studies view that the competition over natural resources as a principal cause of conflict between Sidama and West Arsi, the conflict was initially started for social recognition (killing as a signal for braveness and social prestige). At present, there are several underlining causes of the conflict ranging from historical, cultural, economic, and political to identity issues prior to the adoption of the federalism and after the formation of the federation. To this end, both traditional conflict resolution (TCR) and IGRs have been utilized to manage the conflict between Sidama of SNNPR and West Arsi of Oromia. Nonetheless, the IGR solution, which was predominantly informal in its form, to manage this conflict has been ineffective than the TCR. But the TCR alone, given the context of federal arrangement in the study area, couldn’t effectively resolve the conflict and the dynamics of issues at the interface between Sidama and West Arsi. It is, therefore, a contention of this thesis that a good combination of both the TCR and more formalized horizontal IGR could efficiently resolve the conflict between the Sidama of SNNPR and West Arsi of Oromia. Key Words: IGR, HIGR, Conflict Management, Interregional relations, Traditional Conflict Resolution
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    Urbanization and its Cultural Impacts in the Ethiopian Federation: The Case of Addis Ababa and the Oromo
    (Addis Ababa university, 2020-11) Chala Furgasa; Ketema Wakjira
    The aim of this study is to assess how the rapid urbanization of Addis Ababa affects the culture of Oromo in the Ethiopian federation with particular reference to Addis Ababa and its surrounding. It specifically examines the contribution of federalism for the recognition and development of Oromo culture in and around Addis Ababa. The Thesis not only investigates the role of Oromia National Regional State (ONRS) in retaining Oromo culture but also identifies the challenges of promoting the Oromo Culture in and around Addis Ababa. In order to achieve these objectives, the study mainly relied on qualitative research approach to analyze the data obtained through key informant interview, while those obtained through questionnaire were analyzed through simple statistics. Different primary data collection instruments, including key informant interview and questionnaire were used to obtain primary data sources. It has also utilized different secondary sources including Books, journal Articles and published and nonpublished sources. The ONRS has tried to revive the Oromo culture in the city through opening Afan Oromo schools, revitalizing Gada system and conducting studies if an efforts made by the ONRS to preserve and to promote Oromo culture in the city are not adequate. The study found out that, at present, there are several undermining factors of Oromo culture including politicization of Oromo culture including identity, language, religion and social organization. The Addis Ababa city administration and the federal government are not concerning and giving credit as much as for the efforts of ONRS. The rapid pace of urbanization of Addis Ababa has been in contradiction with the Oromo culture (including identity, language, and religion/Waaqeffannaa in the city as well as with the interest of the surrounding Oromo inhabitants who also want to use, manifest and maintain its culture stuffs, under the current federal system. In contrast to the federal state set up that give equal recognition to diversified cultures and tradition, the centralized political practice, not cooperation of Addis Ababa city administration and federal government are among the challenges to recognize Oromo culture in the Addis Ababa/Finfinnee city. It is, therefore, an argument of this thesis that a multicultural city of Addis Ababa/Finfinnee can be created when the culture of diversified groups including Oromo culture are recognized, freely manifested and treated equally in the city without favoring a certain group culture.