Browsing by Author "Hana Mulugeta"

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    The Relationship between Leadership Behavior and Effectiveness in Selected Private Ecce of Yeka Sub City, Addia Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-06) Hana Mulugeta; Befekadu Zeleke
    The main purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between leadership behavior of principals and school effectiveness in private kindergarten schools of yeka sub city Addis Ababa. The research design that was used in this study is concurrent mixed design. A total 0f 114 respondents were in the study that included 80 teachers, 20 principals, 4 werda level ECCE experts, 1 sub city supervisor and 9 PTA members from the 20 schools. The samples were selected by cluster random sampling and purposive sampling. Data gathering instruments include questionnaires, Interview, document analysis and observation checklist. The data obtained was analyzed by using percentage, independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that the leadership behavior of principals in the kindergarten schools were dominated by directive leadership behavior and achievement oriented leadership behavior. The finding unveiled that most of the private kindergarten schools had average school effectiveness .Interview results also showed that the schools had shortage of indoor and outdoor materials, low parental and community participation and training for teachers and principals .The finding confirmed the importance of using age appropriate curriculum that is supported by objects to learn and the strong explicit focus that should be given for play and enjoyment. The results also showed that there was positive and significant relationship between directive, supportive and participative leadership behaviors with school effectiveness while achievement oriented leadership behavior had positive but non-significant relationship. The regression analysis further showed that directive and participative leadership behaviors were good predictors of school effectiveness than supportive leadership. As a result, it was concluded that leaders who frequently employ directive and participative leadership could improve school effectiveness So, it is recommended to bring possible improvements on teachers and principals training programs and consistency in how inspections are conducted to ensure all Regulations and standards are being adhered. It is also recommended that Awareness creation program to the communities and parents given by schools and the use of directive and participative leadership by the school principals of kindergarten schools would help to improve and achieve a significant level of school effectiveness.
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    The Role of Commercial Banks in International Trade: Ethiopian Perspective
    (A.A.U, 2024-05-19) Hana Mulugeta; Habtamu Endris
    Commercial banks play critical roles in facilitating international trade services. The mainobjective of the study is to examine the role of commercial banks in the international trade practicein Ethiopia. Specifically, the study focused on examining role of supporting government-led tradefacilitation initiatives, provision of finance services, mitigating risks related to international tradetransactions, and capacity-building efforts undertaken by commercial banks. The researcher useda mixed research approach and a descriptive research design to achieve these goals. For thestudy, both primary and secondary sources and data types were used. In order to gather primarydata, self-administered survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used.Secondary data was also gathered through document analysis. Version 27 of SPSS was used toevaluate the data that were gathered. The study’s conclusions show that the state of internationaltrade service practices as of right now in the country is found at unsatisfactory level wherecommercial banks’ roles are paramount in improving the status. Commercial banks are playingdecisive roles in mitigating risks related to international trade and facilitating internationalpayments. However, the trade financing and capacity building role of commercial banks to theirinternational trade customers and businesses are not found at the expected level to successfullysupport the international trade of the country. In addition, the role of supporting government-ledtrade facilitation initiatives is also at an inadequate level. Based on the findings, the studyrecommends that commercial banks and other concerned bodies shall improve the ineffectivestatus of international trade service practice by working on foreign currency allocation problemand limitation in trade facilitation services, addressing challenges related to financinginternational trade in the way that they contribute to the growth and development of internationaltrade, implementing effective capacity building measures that can contribute to the overall growthand development of the international trade in the country, and work in close collaboration withother government entities/organs in the way that support government-led trade facilitationinitiatives. Keywords: Commercial banks, Ethiopia, International trade, Role