Browsing by Author "Getahun Tesfaye"

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    Bovine Mastitis in Dairy Farms in and Around Akaki Kality Sub City and Sululta Town: Emphasis on Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Staphylococcus and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Staphylococcus Aureus
    (2019-06) Getahun Tesfaye; Hika waktole
    A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 in and around Akaki Kality Sub-city of Addis Ababa and Sululta Town with major emphasis of isolation and identification of pathogenic Staphylococcus species and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Besides the prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors were investigated. A total of 768 lactating cows were examined by physical examinations of udder and by California mastitis test. Milk from clin-ical and sub clinical cases were cultured to isolate pathogenic Staphylococcus species. Antimicro-bial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using eight antimicrobials.The overall prevalence of mastitis was 58.5%, out of which 10.8% was clinical and 47.7% subclinical mastitis.When the prevalence of study sites were considered separately it was 64.6% in Akaki Kality Sub-city, and 52.3% in Sululta Town of which clinical and sub-clinical mastitis were respectively 13.3% and 8.3% in Akaki Kality Sub-city and 51.3% and 44.0% in Sululta Town. In both study sites, univariable logistic regression analysis indicated bovine mastitis was more likely to occur with increasing age of cow, presence of teat lesion, poor housing hygiene and udder/teats hygiene. Based on primary and secondary biochemical characterizations and pathogenicity tests, pathogenic staphylococci were isolated in 25.4% at Akaki Kality Sub-city of which 18.5% was S. aureus, 4.03% S. intermidious and 2.8% S. hyicus. at Sululta, the proportions of pathogenic staphylococci were 20.9% of which S. aureus was 16.9%, S. intermedious was 2.5% and S. hyicus was 1.5%. A total of 68 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (34 of each study area) were assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility. Staphylococcus aureus from both study sites were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. However, susceptibility to gentamicin was (91.2% and 85.3%), oxacillin (85.3 and 82.35%), cefoxitin (67.6% and 85.3%), erythromycin (70.6% and 94.11%), and vancomycin (82.35% and 91.2%) in Akaki Kality and Sululta Town, respectively. It could be concluded that prevalence of bovine mastitis in general, and isolation of pathogenic Staphylococcus species in particular was high in the study sites. The Staphylococcus aureus that were found to be totally resistant to ampicillin, and penicillin might be due to repeatedly use of these drugs.
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    Practices and Challenges of Financial Resource Management in Government Secondary Schools of Adama City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2018-01) Getahun Tesfaye; Befekadu Zeleke
    The purpose of this study was to investigate practices of school financial resource management in government secondary schools of Adama City Administration. For this study descriptive survey research design was used. The study was conducted purposively in three selected government secondary schools since the other four secondary schools were started their operation in the last two to three years. Methods of research utilized in study were mixed of qualitative and quantitative approach. The participants of the study were 139 respondents and census method was utilized to collect data from the population. A total of 135 questionnaires were disseminated to respondents (Principals, Vice principals, KETB members, PTA members, Departments, Accountants and other finance workers). Out of these 126 (93.33%) were correctly filled. In addition to this, qualitative data were gathered from seven respondents via structured interview; and a secondary source was collected from official documents related to the study. Then the data was tabulated, organized and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean and standard deviation. In addition, t-test and P-Value was used to analyze the presences of significant differences between responses of management organs and departments group. Furthermore, interview and open-ended items of the questionnaire were analyzed qualitatively using narrative form. Accordingly, the findings of the study revealed that low degree of participations of KETB on budget preparation, in sufficiency block grant annual budget, underutilization of specially RBA budget, absence of reporting internal income and student parent contribution were identified. Among the majors challenges to finance managements of the school understudy; problem of not using computerized accounting system, absence of well-organized finance record keeping system, absence of internal auditing system, lack of adequate skilled accountants, purchasing delay and purchasing out of school demand and quality problems of material purchased, and absence of human resource on certain job title were identified as severer factors. Thus, it can be concluded that Absence of participation private investor, NGO and community other than parent of student in financing school, absence of training leads to weak management of educational financial resources, not submission of financial utilization report leads schools to improper utilization of budget and mismanagement schools financial resource, Weak controlling system of budget utilization and finance recording system, skill gap on budget plan and utilization and lack of internal controlling and monitoring financial resource system.. Finally, to improve the situation, it was recommended that participating private investor, NGO and community other than parent of student in financing schools, giving orientation for KETB members on their responsibility, filling perception difference gaps through creating awareness and transparency, offering training, developing, controlling and monitoring system via reporting and having internal auditor, giving Technical support via supervision, using computerized accounting system and full filling human resource gaps of the school, decentralizing the black grant budget and conducting further research were forwarded. Key words: Financial management, Practices, Challenges, Government secondary school, financial utilization