Browsing by Author "Dereje Kebede"

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    The Attitudes of Students. Parents and Teachers towards the Promotion and Provision of Condoms for Adolescents in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 1994-05) Fisseha Eshetu; Dereje Kebede
    A Cross-sectional descriptive survey through a self administered, anonymous and structured questionnaire was conducted from September to December, 1993 in ten high schools in Addis Ababa to determine the sexual behavior of adolescents, their knowledge about AIDS, attitudes and practices regarding condoms, their attitudes towards the promotion and distribution of condoms in schools, and towards the incorporation of health and sex education into the regular teaching curricula and into the teachers' training curricula. A total of 910 parents, 755 students and 232 teachers participated in the survey. The results showed that, of the 355 students, 39.8% of the boys and 5.6% of the girls have had a sexual experience. Peer pressure (35 . 2%) and by force (21. 6%) were the most important factors that precipitated the first sexual encounter . 10 . 1% had coital contact with a commercial sex worker. Only 42.2% of the sexually active students used condoms on their first sexual encounter, and only 27 . 7% used condoms continuously on their subsequent sexual encounters. 59 . 0% of the parents, 56.6% of the teachers and 37.7% of the students felt that most students have adequate knowledge about AIDS. Only 38.8% of the parents, 34.0% of the teachers and 42 . 8% the students felt that most students have adequate information about condoms. 61. 2% of the students, 60.0% of the parents and 61.6% of the teachers approved the idea of condom distribution in schools. A stratified analysis identified only age tor parents sex for students and religion form teachers to have statically significant influence upon the attitude towards the distribution of condoms in schools. An overwhelming majority in each of the three categories, 92.6% of the students, 98.7% of the parents and 96.1% of the teachers, approved the incorporation of health education into the regular teaching curricula. 80.1% of the students, 90.9% of the parents and 96.1% of the teachers also supported the idea of sex education in schools. This study, based upon the findings, recommends that education and health policy makers to make a relentless effort to commence health and sex education by incorporating them into the regular curricula; the implementation of subsequent surveys to identify the most effective and acceptable routes of condom distribution in schools; and implementation of similar surveys in the rural settings to assess the attitudes in a different setting and acquire a more general overview for the whole country .
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    The Magnitude of Khat Use and Its Association With Health , Nutrition and Socio-Economic Status.
    (Addis Abeba Universty, 1997-12) Mesfin Belew; Dereje Kebede
    A house to house survey was carried out in a rural Ethiopian community to determine prevalence of khat use and its association with t he health ; nutritional, and socio - economic status users . A total of 1200 adults were interviewed . Among these 60.9% were males and 79 . 1% Moslems. The currel . prevalence of khat chewing was found to be 31 . 7%. Muslims more than Christians, males more females, those between t he ages 15 and 34 years mon ' than other age groups were habitual users . Select ci physical injuries, illnesses, (OR(95%C I ))=1.52(1,14,2.02 (OR(95%CI) =2.31 (1.42,3.79) , undernutrition. OR (95%CI) =1. 76 (1.24,2 . 48), OR (95%CI) =8 . 30 (5.20,13 . 31) , associated with khat use . mental distress were found to be Family function amoL current khat users was significantly higher than non users (OR95%CI ) = 1. 56 (1.04,2 . 28) . The function among current users was observed to be about 20% higher. It is concluded that a fairly large proportion of the population consumes khat and there this is related to physical ill-health and meta l. distress, al though family and social functioning an, economic well-being seem to be unaffected.
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    Practices and Challenges of Instructional Leadreship in Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa City Administration
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06-01) Dereje Kebede; Teshome Tolla
    The main purpose of this study was to assess the practices and challenges of instructional leadership in secondary schools of Addis Ababa. In order to meet the objectives of the study descriptive survey method was employed .Simple random sampling techniques was used to select eleven secondary schools out of 27 schools. But 11 principals and 33 vice principals were selected from these sample schools using availability sampling technique. In addition to principals and vice principals 300 teachers (240 male and 60 female) were taken as a sample for the study using stratified random sampling. Thus from the total of 344 questionnaires distributed for the respondents 313 (90.9%) of the questionnaires were completed and returned. Questionnaires, interview, focused group discussion and document analysis were used for collecting relevant data for the study. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, and t-test were used to analyze the collected data. According (0 the data, selling the school vision and mission, managing curriculum and instruction; monitoring instructional program, clarifying core values and belifes were moderately practiced by secondmy school instructional leaders. They also practiced professional development, building relationship in the school and clinical supervision moderately. However, the instructional leaders showed lower performance in, managing change and conflict. Likewise, the study also revealed that principals showed moderate performance on both directive and supportive roles. Besides, teachers were not willing to work with them to improve instructional supervision; they engaged themselves in trivial matters and dislike and criticize their principals by reflecting negative attitude. Furthermore, inadequate training and skill of leadership; moderate cooperation from stakeholders: inadequate resources; unwillingness to devote more time for instruction and unable to build trust on each individual staff were the main problems for instructional leadership practices. From the finding of the study, it was concluded that the role and involvement of secondary schools instructional leadership was still in the state of transition from administrative emphasis to instructional leadership to create conducive school climate, instructional leaders were not engaged themselves in monitoring and providing feedback on the teaching learning process and the overall school activities. Based on the conclusions it was recommended that, concerning officials from the education bureau, and sub-city education office as well as the schools themselves should perform their best to improve the practices of instructional leadership tasks by giving more focus for the school mission and vision and by working together to improve the quality of instructional leadership in secondary schools. Finally the study recommends that there is need for adequate training for instructional leaders and teachers, provide adequate resources and devoting more time for instructional issues than routine activities and administrative tasks