Veterinary Parasitology

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Browsing Veterinary Parasitology by Author "Dr. Bersissa Kumsa, Dr. Teshale Sori"

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    SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF HELMINTHS OF CATTLE IN ADA’A AND BOSET DISTRICTS, CENTRAL OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
    (2017-06) Solomon, Mosu; Dr. Bersissa Kumsa, Dr. Teshale Sori; Dr. Dinka Ayana, Frans Jongjan (Prof)
    Parasitic helminths are one of the major health constraints of cattle production and are usually associated with huge economic losses in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 720 cattle selected using purposive sampling technique in Ada’a and Boset districts, Central Oromia Ethiopia from August 2016 to May 2017. The objective of the study was to identify the prevailing helminths species of cattle and assess the seasonal dynamics in the study districts. Simple floatation, sedimentation, McMaster egg counting techniques, coproculture recovery of infective larvae (L3) of nematodes and larvae measurement using micrometer were all employed in this study. The overall prevalence of helminths in cattle was 57.4% (413/720) dominated by nematodes. The study identified Haemonchus placei (H. placei) (36.7%), Trichostrongylus axei (T. axei) (18.1%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (Oe. radiatum) (21.9%), Bunostomum phlebotomum (B. phlebotomum) (10%), Strongyloides papillosus (S. papillosus) (6.3%), Nematodirus spp. (0.7%), Moneizia benedeni (M. benedeni) (4.2%), M. expansa (1.1%), Fasciola spp. (5.7%), and Paramphistomum spp. (3.5%). Of these helminths H. placei was recorded as the predominant species affecting cattle of both study districts. Higher number of helminths species were recorded in highland PAs of Ada’a district than lowland Boset district. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of helminths was observed during the rainy season than the short rainy and dry seasons in both districts. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that cattle in Boset district were 1.77 times (OR = 1.77, 95%; CI = 1.28-2.46) more likely to become positive for helminths than those cattle found in highland PAs of Ada’a district. Likewise, during the short rainy season and during rainy season cattle were 1.8 times (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.19-2.74) and twice (OR = 2.35, 95% CI=1.57-2.50), respectively, more likely to become positive for helminths than during the dry season of the year. The likelihood occurrence of helminths in diarrheic cattle was 8.7 times (OR = 8.7; 95% CI = 5.06-15.07) higher than those cattle with normal faecal consistency. Negative Binomial regression analysis showed that strongyle mean EPG count was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cattle of Boset district than the mean EPG count of cattle in highland PAs of Ada’a district. Mean EPG count was higher during the rainy season (1001.0±51.1) than both short rainy (705.5±43.2) and dry (631.7±35.4) seasons. Of the total 366 coprocultures, 264 (72.1%) were positive for H. placei followed by 158 (43.2 %) Oe. radiatum, 130 (35.5%) T. axei and 72 (19.7%) B. phlebotomum. In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrate that several genera and species of helminths are still widespread and very common with high prevalence that compromise the productivity and health of cattle, especially during the long and short rainy season in both Ada’a and Boset districts. Thus, it is very important to consider urgent control interventions to minimize the negative impact of helminths on health and economic benefits of cattle of the study districts.
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    SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SEASONAL PATTERN OF TICKS AND TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS OF CATTLE IN ADA‟A AND BOSET DISTRICTS, CENTRAL OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
    (2017-06) Misgana, Naramo; Dr. Bersissa Kumsa, Dr. Teshale Sori; Dr. Dinka Ayana, Frans Jongejan (Prof)
    Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are the major health constraints of cattle productivity and contribute to significant economic losses in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2016 through May 2017 to determine the species diversity and seasonal pattern of ticks on cattle during the rainy, dry and short rainy seasons and occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in the highland PAs of Ada‟a and Boset districts, central Oromia, Ethiopia. Ticks were identified to species level by using morphological identification keys under a stereomicroscope. In addition, molecular tools were employed to assess the presence of tick-borne pathogens in blood samples collected from cattle. During the study period, a total of 720 cattle were examined for presence of ticks. The study revealed that 659 (91.5%) of cattle were infested by one or more ticks during the study period. A total of 7430 (5220 males and 2210 females) adults and 794 immatures (46 larvae and 748 nymphs) stages of ixodid ticks that belong to a total of eleven species were collected from cattle during the study period. During the rainy period nine species of ticks belonging to three genera (Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma) and subgenus Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) were identified, whereas ten and nine species of ixodid ticks were recorded during the dry season and short rainy season, respectively. In Ada‟a district, a total of 3612 ticks were collected in various seasons. From this 907, 987 and 1718 adults and immature ticks were collected and identified in rainy, dry and short rainy seasons, respectively. Nine adult tick species and immature stages of genera (Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus) and subgenus Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) were identified. In Boset district, out of 4612 adults and immature ticks collected, 1235, 621 and 2756 were collected during the rainy, dry and short rainy seasons, respectively. Nine adult tick species and immature stages of genera (Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus) were identified. In the highland (Ada‟a), Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus, Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma truncatum and Rhipicephalus evertsi were the five most commonly encountered tick species on cattle. In the lowland (Boset) district Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Amblyomma gemma, Hyalomma rufipes and Hyalomma truncatum are widely distributed tick species. Amblyomma variegatum (59.6%) and Rhipicephalus pulchellus (77.8%) were the most abundant tick species in Ada‟a (highland) and Boset (lowland) agroecology, respectively.Furthermore, a total of 240 blood samples (120 in Ada‟a and 120 in Boset) were examined by real time PCR to detect the DNA of Babesia bigemina, Ehrilichia ruminantium, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma marginale and Trypanosoma theileri in the blood of cattle. Result of the study showed that a total of 182 (75.8%) blood samples were positive for at least one of the aforementioned tick-borne pathogens. Moleular result revealed that Anaplasma marginale (63.4%) was the most prevalent tick-borne pathogens followed by Babesia bigemina (20%) and Ehrilichia ruminantium (10.5%). Anaplasma centrale (4.2%) and Trypanosoma theileri (1.7%) were the least in Boset and Ada‟a districts, respectively. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that ticks and tick-borne pathogens were the most important problems of cattle of the study areas. Therefore, the increasing threat of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of cattle warrants urgent strategic application of acaricides and creation of awareness among livestock owners to prevent and control tick infestation and tick-borne pathogens of cattle.