Medical Biochemistry

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http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/201

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Browsing Medical Biochemistry by Author "Addisu Sisay"

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    Assessment of Renal Function and Hematological Profile among Khat (Catha Edulis) Chewer and non Chewer Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Harar Jugol Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-02) Reshid Tewekel; Degef Maria; Addisu Sisay
    Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia and it’s the leading causeof end stage renal disease (ESRD). In addition to DM some factors suspected tobe the cause of the renal problems are drug abuse. World Health Organization(WHO) classified khat (Catha edulis) as a substance of abuse. Khat interfereswith normal body functions, which could lead to adverse health effects on organs and systems of the body. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare fasting blood sugar (FBS), renalfunction and hematological profile among khat chewer and non chewer type 2DM (T2DM) patients attending at Harar Jugol Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methodology: Comparative cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 100T2DM patients that are divided into two groups (khat chewers and non chewers).Socio demographic data were collected by using standardized questionnaire.Blood sample collection was done through standardized techniques. AutomatedCOBAS 6000 and Sysmex KX-21N hematology analyzers were used to analyzethe samples. Statistical data analysis was held by SPSS version 25 model. Result: Serum FBS and creatinine concentration showed statistically non significant elevation among kaht chewers (p > 0.05). White blood cell (WBC), Platelet (PLT) and hematocrit (HCT) of the khat chewers were significantly higher than non chewers (p<0.05). On the other hand Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) of the khat chewers were significantly lower than non chewers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing khat among T2DM patients might have an effect on FBS, kidney function and hematological profile. Therefore further study is recommended on the effect of khat chewing among DM patients.
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    Comparative Assessment of Serum Lipid Profile, Complete Blood Count and Viral Load Levels Between HIV Positive Patients Taking Dolutegravir and Efavirenz Based Antiretroviral Therapy at Wolkite Health Center, Southern Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-08) Sahilu Bedilu; Addisu Sisay ; Gnanasekaran, N
    Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy can achieve rapid HIV suppression and allows restoration of the immune system. However, their long-term use has been associated with various immunological, biochemical and hematological abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, lactic acidosis, anemia, leukocytopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia Objective: The main aim of this study was to compare lipid profile, complete blood count, and viral load levels between HIV positive patients taking dolutegravir and efavirenz based ART at Worksite Health Center, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based comparative cross-sectional study was employed to include 75 efavirenz and 75 dolutegravir based ART treated patients, during their routine appointment using consecutive probabilistic sampling technique from May 2020 to July 2021 at Worksite Health Center, Southern Ethiopia. Results: This study revealed patients on efavirenz based showed statistically significant (p = 0.030) decrease in HDL-C concentration as compared to dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy users. The mean values of neutrophil was statistically significantly lower (p= 0.009) among dolutegravir based ART users. Moreover, the mean values of platelet count was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.033) in the efavirenz than the dolutegravir based antiretroviral groups. Viral load suppression rate among dolutegravir and efavirenz based antiretroviral therapy users were 94.6% and 86.7% respectively. Conclusion: Compared with efavirenz, dolutegravir based ART showed a better lipid profile and significant improvements in elytroid and lymphoid cell lines with lower prevalence of anemia. Whereas, efavirenz significantly improved ameliorated platelet indices compared with dolutegravir based ART. Both of treatment regimens showed comparable efficacy in viral load suppression. Key words: dolutegravir, efavirenz, lipid, complete blood count, viral load
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    Histopathological Characteristics and Immunoh is to Chemical Biomarkers of Invasive Breast Cancer in Ethiopia Women
    (Addis Abeba University, 2019-05) Addisu Sisay ; Seifu Daniel
    Background: Breast cancer has been shown as commonest type of cancer in Ethiopian women. It a heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical, histopathological and biological characteristics. Some of the molecular differences underlying this heterogeneity were previously discovered by genetic expression profiles and validated by immunohistochemical surrogates. Hence, this study was carried out to analyze breast cancer by histopathological features and immunohistochemical markers, and interrelationship among them in Ethiopian female breast cancer cases. Method: This study was a retrospective analytical study done on clinically and pathologically confirmed breast cancer cases that underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) from June, 2014 – June, 2015. The primary breast tumor tissues with the corresponding axillary lymph nodes were examined for histopathological features including histologic type, tumor size, nodal status and grade. Evaluation of the molecular markers including ER, PR, EGFR and VEGF-A were done by immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embeded tissues. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. The p value < 0.001). No significant correlations were observed between age and histopathologic features (except tumor size), age and molecular markers, the molecular markers and histopathological features (except for PR), VEGF and standard molecular markers, EGFR and PR. status and grade. Evaluation of the molecular markers including ER, PR, EGFR and VEGF-A were done by immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embeded tissues. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. The p value < 0.001). No significant correlations were observed between age and histopathologic features (except tumor size), age and molecular markers, the molecular markers and histopathological features (except for PR), VEGF and standard molecular markers, EGFR and PR. Conclusion: Our study showed that majority of our breast cancer patients were younger age with large tumor size, lymph node positive and poorly differentiated tumors. Younger age women are more likely to present with larger tumor size as compared to older age groups. EGFR expression was most likely associated with ER and PR negative tumors. Assessment of multiple molecular markers aids to understand the biological behavior disease prognosis in Ethiopian population. It might also help to predict which group of patients might get more benefit from the selected treatment strategies and which are not. Key words: Breast cancer, ER, PR, EGFR, VEGF-A, IHC, Histopathological features