Dermatovenorology

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Browsing Dermatovenorology by Author "Melaku Aklilu"

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    Magnitude and Clinical Pattern of Cutaneous Tuberculosis among Patients Attended Dermatology Clinic at ALERT Center from April 2016March 2021 GC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-11) Miressa Beshana; Melaku Aklilu; Yosef Tizita
    Background: - Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by M.tuberculosis complex, M.bovis and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which depending on individu immunity, environmental factors and type of inoculum may present varied clinical and evolutionary aspects(3). CutaneousTB is one of the most elusive and more difficult diagnoses to make for dermatologists practicing in developing countries because of the difficulty in obtaining a microbiological confirmation(3).Cutaneous TB comprises only a small proportion (1%- 2%) of all cases of TBnevertheless, bearing in mind the high prevalence of TB in many developing countries, these numbers become significant (19). Method: - Hospital based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted with secondary data of patients who were diagnosed to have cutaneous tuberculosis diagnosed with different diagnostic modalities. All the data were collected from the patient’s chart. Socio demographic, diagnosis and diagnostic modality related to the patient were included. Data were compiled,checked, coded, entered and cleaned using Epi Data 4.4.1 and all statistical tests were done using version 26 SPSS software. Result: - A total of 81 patients were found to have a cutaneous TB. The mean age was 32.3(±18.63) years. The age ranges from 2 year to 77 years. Out of 81 patients, 41(50.6%) were female and 40(49.4%) were male. The overall magnitude of Cutaneous TB was 0.13%. The most clinical pattern was scrofuloderma (n=39, 48.2%) followed by TB abscess 8/81, lupus vulgaris 7/81. Cutaneous TB clinical pattern were not specified in 14/81, 17.3%. The most commonly employed diagnostic modality was FNAC (n=32, 39.5%), AFBsmear was positive in 12/81. Commonly body site affected were neck and face (n=27, 33.3%) followed by axilla and trunks (n=26, 32.1%). Only 5/81cases of cutaneous TB and HIV identified. Conclusion: - In this study the observed number of patients shows that cutaneous TB is still the existing medical problem despite promising achievement in reducing TB incidence annually by 9% at national level. Scrofuloderma is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis, most prevalent in children and adult age groups. For diagnosis of cutaneous TB FNAC used as the main diagnostic modality
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    Pattern of Autoimmune Bullous Disorders Based on Histopathological Diagnosis, in ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021: An Eight Years (2014-2021) Retrospective Study
    (Addis Abeba University, 2021-08) Tadesse Yohannes; Melaku Aklilu ; Ayele Adane ; Mulubirhan Edom
    Background: Autoimmune bullous diseases are a group of rare, acquired disorders causing blistering of the skin and/or mucous membranes characterized by overlapping features, resistance to treatment, and run a chronic course associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of autoimmune bullous diseases among the general population is reported as14.5/million/year. Therapy of bullous diseases consists of suppressing the immune system, controlling inflammation and improving healing of erosions. Majority of autoimmune bullous diseases are chronic diseases that can cause physical and emotional distress which is exacerbatedby the need to often have lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive therapies that have potentially severe adverse effects. To the knowledge of the investigator, there is no study conducted regarding the prevalence of auto immune bullous diseases in Ethiopia. Objective: Assess the pattern of autoimmune bullous diseases based on histopathological diagnosis in ALERT/AHRI hospital from 2014-2021 Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at ALERT/AHRI.Histopathologic reports of all patients from January, 2014- June, 2021 were reviewed and cases with autoimmune conditions were selected. Obtained data were coded and entered using EpiData version 4.6.0.2,and it was cleaned and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis of basic participant’s characteristics and disease pattern of autoimmune disease was conducted. Result:From the 13,563 patients sent for biopsy analysis, 134 patients were sent for histopathology confirmatory test for AIBD in the study period, 86 study participants who full fillthe operational definition were enrolled and analyzed. Among these 37.2% of them were male and the rest 62.8% were female, with a mean age of 40.9 year, the minimum age of disease onset being 7 month of age and the maximum age of disease onset was 82 years old. The most frequent AIBD was Bullous pemhigoid with 34.8% (n=30), followed by pemphigus foliaceous and pemphigus vulgaris each being 24.4% (n=21). Conclusion and recommendations: This study found bullous pemphigoid is the most prevalent in the assessed institution site. The overall mean age of the patients being 40.9 years, with a minimum age of 7 month and maximum of 82 years. Moreover, AIBD was seen in higherpredominance in female patients, it is recommended for researchers to conduct a prospective study including other hospitals with a clinical correlation plus a qualitative study to assess how to improve the quality of life for such patients. Moreover, it is recommended to use a confirmatory diagnosis of AIBD i.e. immunofluorescence study for further researches.