Magnitude and Clinical pattern of cutaneous Tuberculosis among patients attended Dermatology Clinic at ALERT center from April 2016March 2021 GC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2021-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: - Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by M. tuberculosis complex, M.
bovis and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which depending on individual immunity, environmental
factors and type of inoculum may present varied clinical and evolutionary aspects(3). Cutaneous
TB is one of the most elusive and more difficult diagnoses to make for dermatologists practicing
in developing countries because of the difficulty in obtaining a microbiological
confirmation(3).Cutaneous TB comprises only a small proportion (1%- 2%) of all cases of
TBnevertheless, bearing in mind the high prevalence of TB in many developing countries, these
numbers become significant (19).
Method: - Hospital based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted with secondary data
of patients who were diagnosed to have cutaneous tuberculosis diagnosed with different
diagnostic modalities. All the data were collected from the patient’s chart. Socio demographic,
diagnosis and diagnostic modality related to the patient were included. Data were compiled,
checked, coded, entered and cleaned using Epi Data 4.4.1 and all statistical tests were done using
version 26 SPSS software.
Result: - A total of 81 patients were found to have a cutaneous TB. The mean age was 32.3
(±18.63) years. The age ranges from 2 year to 77 years. Out of 81 patients, 41(50.6%) were
female and 40(49.4%) were male. The overall magnitude of Cutaneous TB was 0.13%. The
most clinical pattern was scrofuloderma (n=39, 48.2%) followed by TB abscess 8/81, lupus
vulgaris 7/81. Cutaneous TB clinical pattern were not specified in 14/81, 17.3%. The most
commonly employed diagnostic modality was FNAC (n=32, 39.5%), AFBsmear was positive in
12/81. Commonly body site affected were neck and face (n=27, 33.3%) followed by axilla and
trunks (n=26, 32.1%). Only 5/81cases of cutaneous TB and HIV identified.
Conclusion: - In this study the observed number of patients shows that cutaneous TB is still the
existing medical problem despite promising achievement in reducing TB incidence annually by
9% at national level. Scrofuloderma is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis, most prevalent in
children and adult age groups. For diagnosis of cutaneous TB FNAC used as the main diagnostic
modality
Description
Keywords
Tuberculosis,Patients