Hydropower Engineering
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Browsing Hydropower Engineering by Author "Zelalem Hailu (PhD)"
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Item Optimization of Hydropower Plant Expansion Case Study: Nile Basin, Ethiopia(Addis Ababa University, 2008-06) Jalele Geletu; Zelalem Hailu (PhD)This research is of a sequencing expansion problem in which capacity can be added only at discrete points in time. There is a forecast of demand in each period, and five expansion projects each with a given capacity and cost. Dynamic programming is used to determine the sequence of expansions necessary to provide sufficient capacity to meet the demand in all periods at minimum discounted cost. The alternative scenarios are represented with a tree structure. This research also provides preliminary results for a discounted cash flow as well as a dynamic programming solution.Item Optimization of Small Hydropower in The Abbay Basin(Addis Ababa University, 2004-09) Tamene Adugna; Zelalem Hailu (PhD)Although Ethiopia possesses a huge hydropower potential, the energy problem in the country is enormous. A great majority of the population in Ethiopia are dependent on traditional resources to fulfill their energy needs. Due to the poor energy supply, the people not only have to put up with an unattractive living environment but also suffer the consequences of climatic change caused by the associated environmental impacts. Numerous villages do not get electricity supply due to the scattered nature of the settlements. Therefore, the energy policy should give enough attention to decentralized systems in which small hydropower potential plays a significant role. This study considers some of the small hydropower sites in the Abbay basin and that the selection of optimum sites or the optimum level of development at the sites can be undertaken with the application of non-linear optimization techniques. The optimization has been conducted on the basis of four theoretical small hydropower systems established in the Abbay basin. Among these four, the two systems consisted of two hydropower alternatives each and the other two consisted of three hydropower alternatives each. In this thesis, Microsoft Excel 2000 solver, which uses the Generalized Reduced Gradient(GRG2) algorithm for optimizing nonlinear problems has been used. Using this optimization technique, the level of development of each of the hydropower sites has been determined. The method can also be used to select the optimum small hydropower site(s) from a number of alternatives. Further study for optimization can be conducted on renewable hybrid systems combining a decentralized energy sources for rural electrification.Item Reservoir Operational Planning of Irrigation Dams for Micro-Hydropower Development (A Case Study Conducted on Haiba Micro-Irrigation Earth Dam in Tigray Regional State)(Addis Ababa University, 2005-09) Mulatu Tiruneh; Zelalem Hailu (PhD)Modern forms of energy are simply not available in rural areas of Ethiopia, while traditional sources such as fuel wood, cow dung, and crop residue are being depleted rapidly thereby deepening the rural energy crisis. Compared with other new and renewable sources of energy, micro-hydropower has been recognized as being a viable and mature technology. It can be applied immediately on an economic scale in a flexible manner and can comparatively easily bring benefits to the population in isolated areas, who are so far not covered by national electricity supply grid. About 84 percent of the Ethiopian people reside in rural areas and less than one percent of this population has access to electricity. However, a number of micro- irrigation dams have been constructed and planned for implementation, especially in Tigray and Amhara Regional States which could generate and provide electricity to the local population. A case study regarding reservoir operational planning had been conducted on Haiba dam, which is one of the fully implemented micro-irrigation earth dams in Tigray Regional State so as to integrate it with micro-hydropower. Accordingly a number of objectives were accomplished like formulation of discrete dynamic programming model, collecting, processing and analyzing meteorological data, collecting and preparing input data for the DP model. A Visual Basic Program was written to solve the DP model. The main results obtained were monthly energy output, energy output duration curve and optimal reservoir operation guide curve. The optimal power output of Haiba reservoir has an electrification capacity of 50 to 650 households each using one light bulb of 40w each. The results of this study showed that it is possible to produce a valuable amount of electric energy that is very useful in electrifying the rural community, from micro-irrigation dams without affecting its irrigation service by applying systems engineering as a planning tool. Based on the findings, conclusions and recommendations for further studies are drawn