Pediatric Nursing

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Browsing Pediatric Nursing by Author "Abebe, Mesfin (PhD)"

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    Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude About Prevention of Mother to Child Transimion of Hiv Option B+ and Associated Factors Among Anc Clients In Dessie Town, South Wollo Amhara Regional State
    (Addis Ababa University, 2015-06) G/Egziabher, Tadesse; Abebe, Mesfin (PhD)
    Introduction: HIV still remains a major challenge globally despite decades of, advocacy, awareness raising and investing in programs to control the spread of HIV. The Global Plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive was well underway, with ambitious goals of reducing the number of new HIV infections in children by 90% and HIV-related maternal deaths by 50%. There was now unprecedented collaboration and political will to accomplish these goals. The national PMTCT program in Ethiopia was launched in 2001 through implementing the first PMTCT guideline that was focusing on opt-in approach and use of single dose NVP for the mother and the baby. Following the launch of the Global e-MTCT plan in 2011, Ethiopia has launched the accelerated plan of PMTCT in 2012 focusing on site expansion, quality improvement, demand creation and use of more efficient PMTCT regimen and adapted PMTCT option B+ . Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude about PMTCT option B+ and associated factors among ANC clients in Dessie. Method: A cross sectional study design that employed simple &systematic random probability sampling, quantitative data collection method supplemented by qualitative FGD conducted on a sample size of 301 study subjects from march 14 to April16 2015G.C. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical tests were done at a level of significance of p = 0.05. Tables and graphs were used to present result. Results: In this study 297 (99.7 %) of the required sample pregnant women attending antenatal care were participate 199(66.1%) had positive attitude and 167(55%) had the knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission ways. 168(55.8%) were known what the service PMTCT option B+ mean, however, 129(42.9%) were not have clear understanding. 243(80.7 %) study participants thought to receive reactive results face to face without their husband. Professional women were 4.53 times [Adj.OR & (95%CI) = 4.53(1.23-15.31)] more than 1-4th grade women positive opinion for the PMTCT option B+ services utilization and Muslim followers were 0.03 times [Adj.OR & (95%CI) = 0.03(0.15-0.83)] more positive opinion on PMTCT option B+ services utilization than orthodox followers. Conclusion: Most of the study participants in this study knew that HIV could be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby and most of them know what did the service PMTCT option B+ mean and its benefit and they had also positive attitude on PMTCT option B+ service but worried about discrimination by their partner. Key words: Prevention of mother to child transmission option B+ Antenatal care
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    The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associated Factors Among Hiv Positive Adults Attending Art Clinic at Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2017-06) Biru, Mulushewa; Abebe, Mesfin (PhD)
    Back ground- Liver disease is the single greatest cause of non AIDS related death in patients with HIV disease, accounting for a greater proportion of deaths than non AIDS related cancers. Most liver disease among HIV-infected individuals is secondary to confection with HBV. Many HIV positives might be co-infected with HBV. It might result in cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure and death. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Associated Factors among HIV Positive Adults Attending ART Clinic at Tikur anbessa specialized referral, Zewditu and Alert hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia March-April, 2017. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on outpatients at ART clinic from TASH, Zewditu Memorial hospital, and Alert hospital from March-April, 2017. A sample size of 169 participants was selected by using systematic random sampling method. Data was collected using pre-tested interviewer administered structured questionnaires and by reviewing charts for HBsAg that was routinely screened with laboratory technicians of the hospitals. Frequencies distribution, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done. P <0.05 with 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Results: From 169 HIV positive adults’, 165 of them were included in the analysis with a response rate of 97.6%.Majority of the study participants 99(60.0%) were female and the mean age of the participants was 38.9 9.89 SD years. The prevalence of HBsAg was found to be 12 (7.3%); of whom 3(25%) were females and 9 (75%) were males and multivariate analysis revealed that those who was male 5.7 times more likely contaminated with HBV coinfection than female [AOR 5.726; 95% CI 1.346-24.362]. Those who have previous history of Dental extraction were 6.4 times more likely to be contaminated with HBV than who did not [AOR = 6.4: 95% CI, 1.256-33.097]. Conclusion: the prevalence of HBV infection was found to be intermediate in HIV infected patients in the study area. Regarding Sex distribution, males were frequently infected with HBV than females. Furthermore, in this study it was also observed a greater HBV Prevalence among individuals having a history of multiple sexual practices; opportunistic infection and dental extraction were found statistically associated factors for HBV infection. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; HBV; Adult patients; Co-morbidity; Associated factors
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    Reproductive Health Services Utilization and Associated Factors Among Adolescent of Age 15-19 In Debre Birhan Town
    (Addis Ababa University, 2016-06) Getanet, Kenean; Abebe, Mesfin (PhD)
    Background: Reproductive health care is the constellation of methods, techniques and services that contribute to reproductive health and well-being by preventing and solving sexual health problems. Utilization of those services is an important component in preventing adolescents from different sexual and reproductive health problems. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the level of reproductive health services utilization and associated factors among adolescents of age 15-19 who live in DebreBirhan town, Amhara National Regional State (ANRS), Ethiopia, 2016. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed to assess reproductive health service utilization and its associated factors by administering a pre- tested semi-structured questionnaire from April 5 - May 1, 2016. A multi stage systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 648 adolescents living in 5 randomly selected kebeles of DebreBirhan town. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 21 software package. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with reproductive health service utilization. P value less than 0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Results: About one-third (33.8%) of adolescents utilized at least one of reproductive health services. Adolescents who had discussed sexual and reproductive health issues with their sexual partner and peers were 2 times more likely to use RH services than their counter parts (AOR= 2.368, 95% CI: 1.168-4.802 and AOR= 2.360, 95% CI: 1.155-4.820 respectively). Adolescents who weren’t co-resided with both their parents were also about 2 times more likely to utilize RH service than those who were living together (AOR= 2.570, 95% CI= 1.155-4.820). Positive perception of oneself towards acquisition of HIV/AIDS urged the adolescents to use RH services twice than those who didn’t perceive themselves as risky (AOR= 2.231, 95%CI: 1.001 – 4.975). Conclusion and recommendation: Utilization of RH services among adolescents in the study area were low. Discussion with sexual partner and peers, risk perception of oneself towards the acquisition of HIV/AIDS was among the predictors of RH services usage. Therefore, interventions such as advancing adolescents’ knowledge, facilitating parent to child communication, strengthening of youth centers and school reproductive health clubs are important steps to improve adolescent reproductive health service utilization. Key words: Reproductive health, Service utilization, Adolescent (of age 15-19)
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    Risk Factors for Unsafe Sexual Behavior Among Preparatory Youth Students of Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2009-07) Dessie, Azeb; Abebe, Mesfin (PhD)
    Background: Youth’s sexual risk taking, which is recognized by involvement in premarital sexual activity, reluctance to use protective contraceptive, is observed to be the causes of various problems. As far as youths are exposed to high risk activities/ behavior is reported to be growing, it is obviously associated with Reproductive Health Risks (RHR), including the risk of HIV contraction, mainly acquiring the infection through unsafe sexual intercourse. Recognizing and addressing risk factors contributing to unsafe sexual behavior, and also understanding why they engage in risk behavior should be thought. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the risks factors related to unsafe sexual behaviors Method: A cross-sectional study that employed quantitative data collection method supplemented by qualitative focus group discussion was used to assess risk factors for unsafe sexual behavior among preparatory youth students. The study was conducted from April to May 2009 in randomly selected 13 preparatory schools in A.A.on 461 samples of study subjects. Data entry, cleaning and analysis were done using SPSS version 13.0, bi- variate analysis was used to describe some of the socio-demographic variables, and logistic regression model was used to measure the association of outcome variables of different characteristics of the study subjects. Results were presented by tables and figures. Result: Out o 461 sample size 454 participated in the study making the response rate of 98.48%, 46.70% of the respondents were sexually active, the majority were males within the age group of 18-19 years. More than half of the sexually active students (60.84%),had their first sexual intercourse under the age of 18 years, the mean age of first sexual contact 16.4 years.60.85% of the respondents had multiple sexual partners, using condom consistently was practiced only by 40.6% of the sexually active respondents. Risks to unsafe sex like substances uses, peer pressure for doing sex, and loose family connectedness were found to be significantly associated (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.633-4.636), (OR: 2.557,95% CI: 1.509-4.333), (OR:2.187, 95% CI: 1.172-4.084), respectively. Conclusion: The majority of youth students are at higher risk of acquiring unsafe sexual behavior which is related to risk factors or behaviors they are exhibited and obviously revealed with score on the AIDS risk behavior index. Considering the risk factors for youth unsafe sexual behavior preventive and promotive work should be strengthened through effective BCC and family life education.