Epidemiology

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Browsing Epidemiology by Author "Adamu Addissie"

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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-02) Ghidey G/libanos; Richar Luce; Adamu Addissie
    Background: a liver disease of unknown etiology which is characterized by epigastric pain, fever, jaundice, nasal bleeding, peripheral edema and abdominal swelling progressing to ascites with high morbidity and mortality reported among humans in six districts of the North-Western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia since April 2002- 2010. This surveillance data analysis and outbreak/epidemic investigation was thus, aimed at describing the magnitude of unidentified liver disease by person, place and time for recommending possible preventive and control intervention strategies to the disease. Methods Study is conducted in North-Western Zone, Tigray region, Ethiopia. A line list was collected and case register log books of the districts were reviewed. Case definition was set based on the symptoms and signs of the disease to identify cases. Surveillance secondary data of all six districts of the Zone prepared in a line list was reviewed, entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 736 cases and 247 deaths were reported from April 2002 to June 2010, with an attack rate of 0.1% and case fatality rate of 33.5%. The median age of cases was 18 years which ranged between 1 and 81 years old. Age group of 5-14 accounted 32.7% (241/736). Sixty percent of total cases and 63% of deaths were males. Out of a total of 124 kebeles in these six districts 39 (31%) reported cases of unidentified liver disease to date. Conclusion and Recommendation Majority of cases affected by the disease were in the age group of 5-14, and with a higher proportion of male cases. Further research has to be employed in the area. Documents on how well cases were managed should be sought at all relevant health facilities to evaluate the the previous management of cases in order to recommend better future case management approaches.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-02) Mesafint Alebachew; Adamu Addissie ; Richard Luce
    Background; epidemic and natural disasters are serious public health emergencies. Particularly, they occurred with little or no warning in the areas where health system is unprepared to deal with the emerging problems.From February 2001 to February 2003 E.C. stay in field epidemiology and training program, in Addis Ababa University and resident attachment in Addis Ababa region and field assignment by FMOH to different region we carried out outbreak investigation, surveillance data analysis, surveillance system evaluation, health profile assessment, accepted abstract for scientific presentation, Public Health need assessment, research proposal and other additional outputs. Epidemiological investigations of two outbreaks conducted during these periods. Descriptive epidemiology and outbreak investigations of acute AWD and HINI conducted. Five years Surveillance data analysis on descriptive epidemiology of disease under surveillance in Addis Ababa Regional Health Bureau was also performed in March 2001E.C.In addition to these morbidity and mortality data was obtained from Federal Ministry of Health, Plan and program department and Addis Ababa city Administration Health Bureau gathered and analyzed. The aim of this data analysis was to provide an insight on the burden of morbidity and mortality disease under surveillance. Surveillance system evaluation was also carried out in selected health facilities, in Kirkose sub-city health office and regional health bureau in 2003E.C. The purpose of this evaluation was to describe how well the communicable disease surveillance system in the region is working to meet its purpose and objectives. Data were gathered through interviewing of concerned bodies using questionnaire coupled with reviewing of existing records and reports and analyzed by system attributes like simplicity, timeliness andcompleteness. The Belg (Sugum) Public Health and Nutrition emergency need assessment was conducted jointly with other partners within selected Woredas in zone Two and Four in Afar region in July 2002E.C. The purpose of the assessment was to identify potential risk for the occurrence of public health emergencies ,current preparedness status and response capacity of the region. Existing records and reports were reviewed to obtain data on leading causes of morbidities and mortalities, health human resources, immunization and ITN coverage epidemic prone diseases and current stocks emergency drugs and medical supplies using data collection checklists. Formal interviews was made with Woreda officials and health professionals to obtain in-depth understanding about major health problems, occurrence, distribution, and duration of the disease outbreaks, current preparedness status, and response capacities. Finally research proposal on Prevalence of Salmonellosis among febrile out patients in Addis Ababa by 2003 E.C was prepared and submitted to Addis Ababa University Ethical Review Board and approved. Apart from mentioned above acute watery diarrhoea outbreak response supportive supervision in Addis Ababa 2002 E.C also conducted.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology
    (Addis Abeba University, 2011-02) Tilahun Tafese; Richard Luce; Adamu Addissie
    The Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program is a competency-based training and service program in applied epidemiology and public health that builds the capacity to strengthen the surveillance and response system in countries where they are implemented. It is co-sponsored by The Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, Ethiopian Public Health Association, and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The program is dedicated, through a combination of classroom and on-the-job training and service, to applied field-oriented public health practice. The goal of this program is to improve the health of Ethiopia’s population through a cadre of public health workers who will work on priority issues in the country, strengthening public health capacity and infrastructure and providingessential public health services to country. This compiled body of works has nine main chapters which all of them were done during the residency time of the program. The first eight sections are expected outputs during the residency time; such as outbreak investigation, report of analysis surveillance data, surveillance system evolution, description of a health profile report, writing of finalized scientific manuscript for peer review journals, abstract submit ion in scientific conferences, writing protocol/proposal of epidemiologic research project and a summary of disaster situation visited/risk assessment. In order to accomplish all the above eight outputs of residency and other additional works, different techniques and methods were utilized during an outbreak investigation in the field situation. It was not always easy to conduct an investigation or study in well representative and probability sampled population within a limited time period, human and financial resources, So convenient sampling, secondary data and suspected case definitions were applicable for some outbreaks. In surveillance data analysis and system evaluation, it is crystal clear that data or databases at different levels are necessary and we tried our best to write on these two outputs. However, accessing data at national level was very challenging and time consuming because of many procedures and unclear reasons.The overall outputs of the two years field residency in the program are presented in a summarized way as follows; in the outbreak investigations chapter or section two outbreaks were investigated and well documented. These were an acute watery diarrhoea outbreak in Dasenech Woreda, South Omo zone, SNNPR from 11-20/3/2002EC ( November 20-29,2009GC), and Shigellosis Outbreak Investigation at AAU Technology Campus,March April, 2010, Surveillance data analysis on Descriptive Epidemiology of Under-Five Malnutrition in Ethiopia, 2000 And 2005. A measles surveillance system evaluation and a Health profile description report was also done in Sidama zone, SNNPR, 2010. Finalized scientific manuscripts submitted for peer reviewed journals February, 2011.And abstract was also prepared and submitted for scientific conferences accepted for oral presentation in EPHA conference, and APHINET/TEPHINETconference 2010. A report on health nutrition needs assessment (risk assessment) on prioritized districts of Afar regional state was also conducted with other team members from the food security center, WHO, UNCEF and EHNRI. A finalized epidemiologic research project proposal on a title; Assessment of Risk Factors and Trends of Measles Outbreak in Sidama zone, SNNPR, 2010 was also prepared. Under the other additional works/outputs section (chapter) Report on Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) outbreak response supportive supervision in Oromia Region, West HarageZone,1429/12/2001EC and Follow up Visit, Situational Analysis and Need Assessment on the AWD Outbreak Preparedness and Response (April 10 to 27, 2010) was undertaken in Afare Regional State after the occurrence of outbreaks of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) in different districts of the region.
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    Compiled Body of Works in Field Epidemiology in Ethiopia
    (Addis Ababa University, 2011-02) Zayeda Beyene ; Richard Luce ; Adamu Addissie
    Background: Malaria is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The disease is distributed in most parts of the country including Tigray. In April 2009 surveillance information and notification to the Regional Health Bureau suggested an increase in the number of malaria cases in one district. An investigation was conducted to describe the epidemiology of the outbreak and develop recommendations and guidance to improve control efforts. Methods: Secondary data was collected from logbooks in the district health office and health center, entered into an electronic database and analyzed was using Excel. Results: 1775 suspected malaria cases and 1 death were identified between April 22 and May 11. Cases were reported from 8 villages; 930 (52.3%) were male, 685 (39%) were between 15 and 44 years of age. Rapid diagnostic tests were performed on 854 blood samples; 543 (64%) were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. The highest attack rate (AR) occurred in the villages of Asteleke (AR 47.4%; 609/1285) and Tseberek (AR 33.6%; 390/1160). Mass febrile treatment with Co-Artem was undertaken in the district. Distribution of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) had last occurred in 2005. Conclusion: A large outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum was confirmed; however, there was an extended delay in response and investigation activities. ITNs were not in use and increased frequency of distribution is necessary. Notification procedures must be improved to decrease delays in notification and facilitate earlier response activities.