Epidemiology

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Browsing Epidemiology by Author "Abigiya Wondimagegnehu"

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    Infection Prevention Compliance and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working at Dialysis Units for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Addis Ababa
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Tigle Nadew ; Hussen Mekonnen ; Abigiya Wondimagegnehu
    Background: Chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis have an increased risk of infection due to the nature of the disease and the type of treatment they receive. In many developing countries including Ethiopia, there is low level of compliance of infection prevention practice between medical professionals, despite the rise of highly contagious illnesses. Effective interventions can be developed by critically assessing the elements that contribute to this problem. Objective: To assess infection prevention compliance and associated factors among nurses working at dialysis units for chronic kidney disease patients in Addis Ababa. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out among nurses working at dialysis units for chronic kidney disease patients in Addis Ababa from Jan-March 2024. A total of 251 nurses were included. A structured self-administered questionnaire which has eight components and a checklist were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and correlation estimates were used. For regression analysis, the study applies Principal Component Analysis to generate an index. Finally, logistic regression was done and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was estimated in the final model. P-values of below 0.05 were regarded as significantly associated variables. Results: The result showed that 105 nurses 45.66% were non compliant to infection prevention and control practices. The multivariable logistic regression result indicates, monthly salary10,000.00-20,000.00) [(AOR:3.23 ,95%CI (1.20-8.70)], nurses who had duty [(AOR: 0.48 ,95%CI (0.25-0.93)], and work environment factor [(AOR: 6.57 ,95%CI (3.38-12.78)] were predictors of infection prevention compliance. Conclusion and recommendation: Infection prevention compliance was not sufficiently practiced among dialysis unit nurses. Monthly salary, frequency of duty and work environment factors were factors associated with infection prevention compliance. Thus, intervention should focus on encouraging nurses by giving competitive benefit through salary increment, decreasing workload and creating good work environmental factors by ensuring sufficient and sustainable resources.
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    Time to Recovery and Predictors among COVID-19 Patients Under Home-Based Isolation and Care Services in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-06) Ayele Bizuneh ; Zeytu Gashaw; Abigiya Wondimagegnehu
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health systems globally.Ethiopia has recorded over 7,574 COVID-19-related deaths and nearly 500,000 confirmed cases. While 81.3% of cases in Ethiopia have been handled via home-based isolation and Care (HBIC),there are still uncertainties about the health consequences for patients receiving this type of care. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the recovery experience of COVID-19 patients under home-based isolation and care services in Addis Ababa between January 17, 2023 and June 23, 2023. This includes time to recovery, recovery incidence rates, and associated factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Addis Ababa from January 20,2024 to June 23, 2024. The study population comprised 272 COVID-19 patients who received HBIC from January 17 to June 23, 2023. Secondary data from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute and Armauer Hansen Research Institute was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox regression model. Results: The analysis revealed an overall median recovery time of 7 days among COVID-19 patients within the HBIC. Specifically, vaccinated individuals had median recovery time of 7 days, while unvaccinated individuals had median recovery time of 8 days . The findings also indicated incidence density rates of 11.64, 13.19, and 10.34 recoveries per 100 person-days for the overall, vaccinated patients, and unvaccinated patients, respectively. Factors associated with time to recovery among COVID-19 patients under HBIC were: being vaccinated (AHR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.18-2.23), Aged 30-39 (AHR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.27-3.58), Absence of comorbidities (AHR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.16-3.01), Prior infection (AHR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.37-3.22), using public transport (AHR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32-0.65), smoking history (AHR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.86), absence of mask use (AHR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28-0.55), lack of hand hygiene practice (AHR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.99), and BMI ≤18.5 Kg/M2 (AHR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48-0.95) or 25-29.9 Kg/M2 (AHR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.96). Conclusion: This study revealed the median time, rate and associated factors under home based isolation and care service. The relatively shorter median time among vaccinated groups indicate the viability of vaccination in recovery trajectories. The varying recovery rate with the different covariates and significant association of those covariates with time to recovery indicates the need for considering tailored interventions in those patients.