Construction Technology and Management

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Browsing Construction Technology and Management by Author "Abebe Dinku (Prof.)"

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    A Study on the Performance of Housing Projects: A Post Project Evaluation of Branch Two 40/60 Housing Projects in Ethiopia.
    (Addis Ababa University, 2025-05) Helen Woldeselassie; Abebe Dinku (Prof.)
    Integrated Housing Development Program was created as part of the nation's economic development strategy, In order to boost local companies, encourage the use of locally produced building materials, and provide job opportunities. The 40/60 housing scheme is one of the initiatives. The Addis Ababa city administration started the 40/60 saving housing project at reasonable costs for middle-class city citizens in order to address the housing issue. The country's largest city Addis Ababa, is home to a sizable population, and it is anticipated that this population will continue to grow in the near future. This has occasionally led to an increase in the demand for housing, which has resulted in the most complex socioeconomic issues in the city. Since 2013, the IHDP lottery registration system has been inaccessible to new applicants, as there is a waiting list that currently stands more than 800,000. Additionally, previously scheduled IHDP construction developments have been postponed.Ex post evaluation is an assessment technique that emphasizes the project's long-term results. The lack of a system for evaluating building performance is one of the causes for our inability to obtain crucial data on our buildings, which leads to reoccurring errors and ineffective projects. Project assessment can be helpful in demonstrating openness and accountability as well as in allowing lessons learned to be shared in the construction of knowledge and expertise. In this regard this research is conducted to evaluate the performance of the 40/60 housing projects. Beside observed information this research identify and analyse data to determine the performance of the housing projects, to identify the underperformance areas in the housing projects, to investigate factors contributing to underperformance of the housing projects and to identify the post occupation issues or defects of the housing projects.The data is collected from customers, brokers and employees of the organization that are involved in the building construction projects through an interview, questioner , project reports and documents. The housing projects under this research construct in total of 14,724 houses and 4932 shops. Among these buildings 158 of them are delivered and 7,963 numbers of keys are transferred to the owners. In total 737 people benefited from this project employment opportunity and among them 139 of them are women. This projects helps landlords in creating wealth And also help as an option for the peoples who can’t afford the rent and the cost of real-estate apartments. However there is a difference between the number of blocks constructed and transferred, there is also price increment on the buyers in each round which makes accountability and affordability of these condominium houses questionable and also Water leakage, dampness and mold growth are among the common quality problems observed in these projects. Delayed design, delayed contractor payments and time estimates that are unrealistic compared to the actual work are some of the reason mentioned for the observed delays. And the reasons for the difference in quantity among the materials given to the contractor by the government and actual consumption were the standard being not prepared back then, due to inefficient uses of material by contractors, in some cases due to robbery issues and also the change in supervisor in different times from the client side causing a gap in information.
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    Assessment On The Factors That Cause The Delay Of 40/60 Housing Project Constructions In Addis Ababa: A Case Study of Ayat Condominium Project
    (Addis Ababa University, 2022-10) Melen Kassu; Abebe Dinku (Prof.)
    In search of a greater standard of living , a big population is currently moving from the rural area to the urban city. The expense of life and price of land have consequently increased significantly. As a result, the government has started constructing affordable homes for those with low and intermediate incomes.Nevertheless, despite having a contract duration of 730 calendar days, a total of 33,316 homes are still being built (AAHDC, 2021), despite an average of 5000 days having passed since the anticipated completion date. Accordingly,due to the rising rate of inflation and price increases, as well as the time that could be used to build other types of public infrastructure, this delay causes a major loss for both the government and the end users. Hence, the primary goal of this study is to identify the elements that influence the timely completion of 40/60 housing projects by taking Addis Ababa's Ayat condominium site as case study. In particular, the study examines the link between the dependent variable (time overrun) and the independent variables (such as labor skill, monitoring & control subcontractor/ speciality scarcity, communication problems payment delays and subcontractor negligence).This was studied using a control,subcontractor/speciality scarcity, communication problems, payment delays, and subcontractor negligence). This was studied using a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), with a casual and explanatory research design. Professionals from contractors, consultants, and clients of ongoing 40/60 condominium housing developments Ayat site in Addis Ababa are the study target groups. A total of eighty (80) samples were taken from which sixty three (63) were collected. A stratified sample technique was used to choose respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to determine the variables influencing the timely completion of the housing projects. In the case study, manpower skill, monitoring and control, subcontractor shortage, communication problems, payment delays, and subcontractor negligence were found to be statistically significant after analysing the data using SPSS.As a result, it is anticipated that the results of this study will be of great significance to the housing development program and its stakeholders, enabling them to better understand the factors that influence the timely construction of housing and to identify measures and solutions that will improve the provision of housing in the required quantity and quality. Additionally, it will help home-owners and end users decide what elements to take into account when choosing affordable housing.
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    Assessment on the Impacts of Material Management Practices in Addis Ababa Con-dominium Housing Projects Performance
    (Addis Ababa University, 2023-05) Mahlet Abebe; Abebe Dinku (Prof.)
    Numerous studies have revealed that the cost of building materials and equipment may ac-count for more than 70% of the overall cost of a typical construction project. As a result, good management of these two factors enhances a project's quality, on-time completion, and cost effectiveness. The main problem with condominium housing in Addis Ababa is poor project performance. Analyzing the effects of material management procedures in Addis Ababa condominium housing complexes was the goal of this study. A questionnaire survey, interview, site observation, and case study were carried out. In this research, a total of 74 questionnaires and 12 interview respondents participated. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS. The study indicated that there is poor material management practice in Addis Ababa condominium housing con-struction project sites. The study identified major causes of ineffective material management practices. And iden-tified measures for effective material management practices like using technologies to fa-cilitate material management on the projects, preparing material takeoff from drawing, preparing the detailed and accurate bill of quantity, preparing drawings in detail. The study also indicates that ineffective material management practice has a negative im-pact on the project performance of Addis Ababa condominium housing construction pro-ject sites. Some impacts identified are added costs over and above those initially agreed contract amount, fewer returns on investment, higher rental prices to the end user, loss of profits to the contractor, delay in the progress of the work, claims, and termination of pro-ject, failure and defects, loss of productivity of work and rework due to improper quality and mistakes.
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    Comparative Study on The Impact of Materials Wastage on Project Cost Between Prefabricated and On-Site Building Construction Methods: The Case of Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-04) Meseret Asefa; Abebe Dinku (Prof.); Bedru Merhaba (Mr.) Co-Advisor
    Construction material waste is produced due to construction work progress, type of work being done and site procedure on traditional methods of construction projects. As a result, using prefabrication is one of the options for decreasing the waste produced by using prefabricated elements. Prefabrication is the conversion of construction activities from on-site construction methods that produce a lot of waste to industrial procedures that produce little waste. This study aims to analyze the effects of construction material waste on project costs in Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation between prefabricated and on-site building construction methods. A literature review was carried out to identify sources of construction material waste, prefabricated and on-site construction methods and their material wastage extent, construction material wastage and project cost and waste minimization technics being used in the construction industry. A questionnaire survey, on-site observation, and case studies based on document analysis were carried out in this research. The data obtained from the questioner were analyzed using Microsoft excel. The study focused on the five main materials which are concrete, mortar, reinforcement bar, hollow concrete block and formwork for the greatest influence on the project cost. Based on the respondent answer from contractor and consultant ranked the variable and by document analysis estimate the amount of material waste analytically. From 13 Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation prefabricated and on-site construction project sites, the study show that design change, lack of onsite material control, rework and ordering errors were the main reasons of construction materials wastage. Finally, according to the results of this study, sand and hollow concrete blocks are largest source of waste in prefabricated and on-site project sites but formwork wastage is only showing on on-site construction and the cost of waste generated at these two sites are 6.23% and 13.84% in prefabricated and on-site construction, respectively. The result of this study recommends that, uses of construction element, proper detail during designing, attention to material control and reduce rework and material ordering errors are the main reasonable technics in Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation construction sites to increase profits and reduce waste.
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    Study of Price Adjustment Practices in Medium Building Projects of Ethiopia Over the Last Ten Years
    (Addis Ababa University, 2024-10) Abenezer Abera; Abebe Dinku (Prof.)
    Price adjustment clauses in construction contracts serve to account for fluctuations in material and labor costs, helping to maintain fairness and financial stability for all parties. These clauses typically adjust contract prices based on economic indicators such as inflation, exchange rates, or key commodity prices. Their use reflects the inherently volatile nature of construction projects, where unexpected economic shifts can cause significant cost deviations. Incorporating such mechanisms allows stakeholders to manage risks and uphold contract balance amid changing market conditions. This study focuses on medium-sized building construction projects in Ethiopia, aiming to evaluate the causes and impacts of price escalation, and to assess current price adjustment practices. The research highlights the importance of managing price fluctuations effectively to support sustainable construction and economic development. Data were collected using a combination of desk studies, self-administered questionnaires (both open- and closed-ended), unstructured interviews, and archival records. Cronbach‘s alpha, Spearman‘s correlation coefficient and the Relative Importance Index (RII) were employed to analyze survey data and rank contributing factors. Results show that internal issues such as inaccurate cost estimation, poor planning, and unclear contract clauses significantly contribute to price escalation. External factors include volatile material prices and exchange rate instability, particularly affecting items like cement, fuel, and ceramics. These fluctuations result in project delays, cost overruns, cash flow problems, and contractual disputes. Findings indicate that while the Public Procurement Agency (PPA) contract form is generally effective in addressing price adjustments, concerns remain regarding contractors‘ understanding of the mechanism and the accuracy of applied indices. Recommendations include enhancing contractor awareness, refining tender estimates, improving price databases, and encouraging regulatory oversight. These measures aim to reduce the negative effects of price escalation and strengthen the resilience of Ethiopia‘s construction industry.
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    Study on Price Estimating Method in Selected Ethiopian Road Administration Construction Projects
    (Addis Ababa Univesrity, 2024-05) Gediyon Addis; Abebe Dinku (Prof.)
    Road construction is a major sector for national income growth and generates employment within a country. Accurate road construction project price estimation solves the project finance problem for country by providing efficient resource allocation. Hence, identification and analysis of price estimation accuracy is important for successful project completion. Accordingly, this research attempts to identify the major shortcoming and limitation during price estimation, factors leading to price estimation inaccuracy road construction sector, computer price estimation software used for price estimation; which can serve as the way to provide structured approach for price estimation stakeholder. Literature review and desk study were done to investigate price estimation method in road construction projects. The questionnaire survey was conducted with stakeholders from contractors, client and consultants. The questionnaire include total of fourteen major factor affecting price estimation process. In addition, other questions which enable to achieve the objectives of the research were developed. The result of the desk study indicated that out of ten investigated road construction projects eight projects encounter price variance. All projects have encountered project delay. There is lack of database technique and advanced price estimating method like ANN and 74% of respondent indicates existence of price estimation inaccuracy. The survey result of respondent indicates project size, project location, market condition and external event are major factor affecting price estimation accuracy. In order to improve price estimation accuracy data availability and documentation should be improved; identify each factor affecting price estimation accuracy and document it; implement advanced computer price estimating software. In addition, use specialized group for each road work and finally check estimate with independent estimator.
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    Study on the Practices of Price Adjustment in Ethiopian Building Construction
    (Addis Ababa University, 2019-06) Abebe Jima; Abebe Dinku (Prof.)
    Price adjustment refers to a provision in a contract which calls for an adjustment in price in the event of an increase or decrease in certain costs. Price adjustment clauses are becoming increasingly common in building construction contracts as a means to cover unexpected costs resulting from fluctuations in the prices for raw materials, fuel and labor during the course of the construction project. However, Lack of properly designed standard procedures for price adjustments and lack of clear understanding on price adjustment clauses and formula to implement the price adjustments when necessary has been a problem to the construction industry and the time associated with cost of construction could not be maintained and managed in a proper way for the successful accomplishment of projects. Therefore, this research paper aims in examining the price adjustment practices being currently implemented in the Ethiopian Building Industry, knowing the construction industry has the big share of the country’s budget every physical year, with reference to international good practices and attempts to develop a draft standard procedure of Price Adjustment formulae.