AAU Institutional Repository (AAU-ETD)
Addis Ababa University Institutional repository is an open access repository that collects,preserves, and disseminates scholarly outputs of the university. AAU-ETD archives' collection of master's theses, doctoral dissertations and preprints showcase the wide range of academic research undertaken by AAU students over the course of the University's long history.
How to Submit Your Work
The repository contains scholarly work, both unpublished and published, by current or former AAU faculty, staff, and students, including Works by AAU students as part of their masters, doctoral, or post-doctoral research
- All AAU faculty, staff, and students are invited to submit their work to the repository. Please contact the library at your college.
You may contact digirep@aau.edu.et.with any questions about the repository
Colleges,Institutes in AAU-ETD
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Recent Submissions
Predictors of Early Deterioration and In-Hospital Mortality in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital: A Retrospective Study, Jan 2022 – Dec 2025
(Addis Ababa Uinverstiy, 2026) Dr. Anley Anja; Professor Jemal Haidar; Dr Said Ali
Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage causes high rates of early deterioration and death. These outcomes remain major clinical challenges in acute stroke care. However, predictors of early deterioration and in-hospital death are not fully established, particularly in local or resource-limited settings. Identifying these predictors may improve early risk stratification, monitoring and treatment decisions.
Objective: To assess the proportion and predictors of early neurological deterioration and in-hospital mortality among spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at a teritiary care center among 112 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted between January 2022 to December 2025 to Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Early neurologic deterioration was defined by a decrease in a GCS by ≥4 points within 24 hours of presentation. In-hospital death was recorded at discharge. Bivariable logistic regression identified candidate predictors with p less than 0.25. Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination identified independent predictors. Adjusted odds ratios with 95 percent confidence intervals were reported. Model fitness was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.
Results: Early deterioration observed in 40 patients (35.7%), and in-hospital mortality occurred in 30 patients(26.8%). Independent predictors of early deterioration included intervention type, intraventricular extension, serum creatinine level, onset to admission time, and prior anticoagulant use. Prior anticoagulant use increased the odds of deterioration by more than eight times, while higher serum creatinine levels were also associated with increased risk. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality included increased serum creatinine level, in-hospital complications, prior anticoagulant use, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, and hemorrhage location. Lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale score showed strong association with mortality.
Conclusion: Early deterioration and in-hospital mortality occurred in a significant proportion of those with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Clinical status at admission, laboratory findings, imaging features, and treatment factors influenced outcomes. The results highlight the requirement for early risk stratification and close monitoring of patients at increased risk of clinical decline.
A Comparative Study of the influence of School Climate on Students’ Academic Achievement in Government and Private Secondary Schools in Lideta Sub-City, Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-06-01) Lijalem Getahun; Yekunoamlak Alemu
School climate serves as a critical psychosocial determinant of student success, yet in the Ethiopian context, institutional focus remains largely limited to physical resource allocation. Understanding the human and organizational factors that cultivate high achievement is vital for addressing the performance divide in urban educational centers. This research investigated how multi-dimensional school climate dimensions directly determine Grade 12 academic achievement levels in the Lideta Sub-City of Addis Ababa. The study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design to examine the persistent performance gap between government and private institutions. Data collection involved 175 students and 125 teachers from four specific schools: Kefitegna-23, Ewuket Lefere, New English Private School (NEPS), and Omega. To quantify the relationship between the research variables, school climate was measured using the School Climate Index (SCI) and an adapted student survey. At the same time, academic achievement was analyzed using official Grade 12 National Examination results. Quantitative results demonstrated a significant climate gap across sectors (p < .001). The independent samples t-test revealed that higher outcomes in private schools were strongly associated with principal visibility and teacher respect. In contrast, the lower performance in government schools was linked to facility challenges and minimal parent involvement. The study found that a robust culture of high academic expectations in private institutions directly supported their 39.51% pass rate, whereas bureaucratic burdens and library misuse hindered the government sector. In response to identified safety fears among female students and a pervasive "surrender mentality" regarding exam failure, the researcher recommended that the Sub-city hire professional female psychologists to provide targeted psychosocial support. Policy implications include the allocation of budgets for teacher tutorial incentives to mirror private-sector success. Finally, school leaders must protect academic spaces like libraries for study only and implement digital tools to improve home-school communication.
Challenges and Opportunities in Talent Management for Gig workers in Ethiopia: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study of Selected Organizations in Addis Ababa
(Addis Ababa University, 2026-05-02) Noah Hailemelekot; Dejene Tulu
The gig economy has changed the way labor markets work and the challenges in Human Resources Management (HRM) in Sub-Saharan Africa are still not fully understood. With the focus on five critical HRM domains: recruitment and selection, worker engagement, skill development, performance management and retention, this study examined the opportunities and challenges in management of gig workers in Ethiopia. Semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, comprised of 16 gig workers and 6 HR/manager surveyors in three organisations in Addis Ababa were conducted in an exploratory multiple case study approach (Yin, 2018). Braun and Clarke (2006) manual thematic coding methodology was used to analyze the data. The flexibility to stability paradox, skill investment gap of institutions, opacity in evaluation and the status of performance systems, structural barriers to talent acquisition and the difficulty in reducing employee turnover due to income instability were found as the main five themes of the study The fact that gig Economy in Ethiopia is an economic response to limited formal employment opportunities rather than a lifestyle choice is the cross-cutting result discovered by this study. This contextual qualifier has important implications for HRM theory and practice. This paper contributes to performance management research by putting out the notion of opacity of assessment and provides organizations and policymakers with evidence-based recommendations. The results are contextually relevant and can provide a platform for further quantitative and long-term research of gig talent management in developing countries
Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Operational Efficiency in Ethiopia’s Beer Industry: A Comparative Study of Heineken Ethiopia, Dashen Brewery, and Habesha Brewery
(Adiss Ababa University, 2026-01-01) Gelila Girma; Dejene T
This study investigates the impact of FDI on operational efficiency in Ethiopia's beer industry through three firms: a wholly-owned multinational subsidiary (Heineken Ethiopia), a foreign dominant joint venture (Dashen Brewery), and a locally-influenced firm with technical partnerships (Habesha Brewery). Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 298 operational employees and analyzed through multiple regression. The results indicate that although FDI-driven infrastructure and technology transfer positively influenced efficiency, knowledge management practices proved to be the strongest predictor across all ownership models (β = 0.541–0.587, p < 0.001).More importantly, the major route to efficiency varied depending on the ownership arrangement, such that in the joint venture, the major force was institutionalized knowledge systems (β = 0.452, p < 0.001), while in the technical partnership, the role was distinctive although small (β = 0.136, p = 0.013). These findings make clear that the effect on efficiency that follows the entry of FDI is indirect and depends on institutional absorptive capacity that is in turn shaped by the respective ownership arrangement. This research concludes that institutionalized knowledge systems are important to institutionalize, and that policymakers should structure FDI incentives around train-and-link programs to maximize efficiency spillover effects.
The Moderating Role of Employees Characteristics on the Relationship Between Motivating Factors and Performance in the Case of Dashen Bank S.C
(Addis Ababa University, 2025-03-03) Bereket Abiche; Desalegn Amlaku
This study investigates the moderating role of employee characteristics—age, gender, education, and experience—on the relationship between motivating factors (salary and rewards, promotion, career development, and work environment) and employee performance in the context of Dashen Bank S.C. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative insights and quantitative analysis. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 107 employees across 11 conveniently selected branches in the Bole area, using Slovin’s formula and simple random sampling. The research adopted both descriptive and explanatory designs, and data were analyzed using correlation, multiple regression, and moderated regression analysis via the PROCESS Macro. The findings revealed that all four motivating factors had a statistically significant and positive influence on employee performance, with the work environment being the strongest predictor. However, employee characteristics did not significantly moderate these relationships, indicating that the impact of motivational factors on performance is consistent across different demographic groups. Based on these results, the study recommends that Dashen Bank enhance working conditions, offer competitive rewards, improve training and development programs, and ensure fair promotion practices to boost employee performance across the board