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Livelihoods Coping Mechanisms of Solid Waste Collapse Induced Displaced Households: The Case of Reppie Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-06) Tigist Misganaw; Temesgen Tilahun (PhD)
In developing countries urban poor are forced to concentrate on physically dangerous sites which are closed to industrial facilities, toxic waste, solid waste dumps, which are susceptible to landslides and flooding. Ethiopia has also encountered collapse of mountain of solid waste in the capital Addis Ababa which claim the life of the many individuals and destruction of the property, and displaced many households from new resettlement areas. Displaced households often lose assets when they are forced to flee their home and land. They may also be unable to pursue their former work, leading to unemployment, underemployment or informal work, and a significant drop in income. Livelihood loss may lead to reduced access to food and an increase in malnutrition. The main aim of this research is to identify livelihood coping mechanisms applied in Reppie solid waste collapse induced displace in Addis Ababa. By taking a systematic randomly selected sample of 223 households from four new resettlement areas. Mixed research approach was employed and triangulation was vital method of converging concurrently collected data through survey, and FGDs. The data were analyzed using frequency tables, percentage, logistic regression and chi-square test. And livelihood coping capacity status was also ranked using Coping Strategy Index weighting calculation developed by World Food Program (WFP). The outcome of the study indicates that 38.1 % of displaced HHs are face food shortage or money to buy food for so that they engaged Livelihood coping strategies (LCS). Based on LCS standard, it is found that HHs using Neutral coping strategies 4.7%, Stress coping strategies is 52.9%, crisis is 12.9% and 29.9% is emergency coping strategies. The four most applied LCS strategies are 54.7% purchased food on credit or borrow food, 48.8% sold household goods or assets, 46.5% spent their saving and 46.5 % also reduce nonfood expenses (health, education, social events). The most severe strategy is begging practiced by 8.8% HHs. In the bi-variate logistic regression, the engagement of Livelihood based coping strategies is associated with age of household ages, education status, access to credit, size of households, income source type and ownership of house. Finally, recommend that an emergency food support should carry out and parallel initiate livelihood developmental interventions so as to avert the consequence of coping strategies. As well as develop resilience capacity at time of shock or stress.
Livelihood Strategies, Food Security Status and Coping Strategies among Internally Displaced Persons Resettled in Gelan Town, Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-12) Tofik Abajebal; Temesgen Tilahun (PhD)
This study was conducted to assess livelihood strategies, food security status and coping strategies among internally displaced persons (IDPs) resettled in Gelan town of Oromia during 2018. House to house survey was conducted for quantitative data collection from randomly selected households. Qualitative data was collected from 10 purposively selected Key Informant Interviews. The data was analyzed using statical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 software. The result of this study indicated only 14.4% of internally displaced persons resettled in the study area were food secure while 43.1%,12% and 30.6 were mildly, moderately, and severely food insecure respectively. Household dietary diversity score indicated only 2.9% were in low dietary diversity level. From coping strategy index finding 8.6% and 2.9% of this resettled IDPs practiced severe and very severe coping strategies. Binary logistic regression results reviled that income of household, education level, family size, level of dietary diversification, and availability of private tap water at were significantly associated with food security status of resettled IDPs. The findings also indicated as food security measuring methods used in this were significantly correlated with each other. The overall findings indicated more than half of participant households were in food secure and mildly insecure condition. Livelihood strategies mainly relies on daily based jobs. The integration to local community were good status. This study recommends for Gelan town administration to arrange additional job opportunities in sustainable manner and focusing on capacity building for those permanently resettled IDPs for improvement of their livelihood status and ensure their food security.
Meeting, Incentive, Convention and Exhibition (MICE) Tourism in Addis Ababa: Current Practices, Challenges and Prospects
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-04) Tsega Wondu; Shiferaw Muleta (PhD)
MICE tourism, which denotes meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibtion, has emerged as a significant sector in tourism. However, the practices and challenges of MICE tourism in Ethiopia have not been fully investigated. This study, therefore, aims to fill in this research gap by exploring the practices challenge and prospects of meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE) tourism in Addis Ababa. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of study consisted of the employees of Ethiopian convention Bureau, chamber of commerce and sectorial association, Ethiopian event organizers some selected hotels and Addis Ababa Culture, Art and Tourism Bureau. The sample size of this study was 16 individuals determined using purposive sampling. From the research results, the practices of MICE tourism in Addis Ababa show that in five standard hotels however only UNECA and AU conference facilities that fit with the international standard. Still existing meeting facilities in AU and UNECA has relatively small capacities and are not business oriented. Regarding the challenges in the development of the MICE tourism industry in Addis Ababa, including absence of full understanding of the MICE sector, lack of standardization of MICE services providers, lack of MICE tourism policy ,lack of legal framework for MICE tourism, poor practice of MICE sales and bidding ,poor practice of MICE business networking, lack of MICE brand image and lack of MICE market focused research ,inadequate data for planning of MICE sector, strong international competition,COVID-19,political instability and several marketing challenges are identified. Moreover, the prospect of MICE tourism in Addis Ababa the expansion of international airports at Addis Ababa, the ongoing construction of AACEC, AAEC and the development of attraction sites in Addis Ababa and effort of Ethiopian Convention bureau on bidding international exhibition and conference is a huge step forward in increasing traffic to Addis Ababa's MICE tourism.
Socio-Economic and Demographic Determinants of Postnatal Care Utilization in Oromia Region
(Addis Ababa University, 2021-09) Tsegalem Sitotaw; Chalachew Getahun (PhD)
Background: The postnatal period which is also called postpartum is defined by the World health organization as the period beginning one hour after the delivery of the placenta and continuing until 6 weeks (42 days) after delivery.
Objective: The prime objective of this study is to examine the socio-economic and demographic factors that influence PNC service utilization in Oromia Region of Ethiopia.
Methods: cross-sectional data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A multivariate binary logit model was employed, and odds ratios were used to analyze the determinants. A qualitative in-depth interview was also implemented to triangulate with the secondary data of the 2016 EDHS and to capture and thereby to fill some of the data gaps of the EDHS. Totally 1031 women were covered by the 2016 EDHS of Ethiopia.
Results: The study results have shown that woman’s education level, ANC visit, parity, and place of delivery have a significant positive effect on PNC checkup. The estimated odds ratio of PNC service utilization for women delivered at health facility is11.6 time more likely to use PNC service as compared to women delivered at home. Women antenatal visit with of less than four antenatal visit is 1.706 times more likely to have PNC checkup relative to women whose no antenatal visit is [P<0.05, OR =1.706, 95% CI 0.929-3.1308]. Women with primary education level 1.79 more likely to have PNC checkup after delivery [P 0.05, OR =1.79 at 95% CI 1.05-3.06].Women Birth order with of 2-4 is 2.14 times more likely to have PNC checkup relative to women whose Birth order one is [P 0.05, OR =2.14, 95% CI 1.18-3.87].
Conclusion: To improve the level of PNC checkup in the study area all concerned bodies should work towards empowering women’s educational participation, promote and design appropriate designs and strategy to increase the ANC utilization rate and health facility in particular and to improve, encourage and enhance maternal health care service utilization in general.
Correlates of Children Ever Born Among Women of Reproductive Ages in Ethiopia: Evidences from the 2019 Mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
(Addis Ababa University, 2022-07-25) Woinshet Defabachew; Chalachew Arega (M.Sc.)
Ethiopia's total fertility rate reduces slightly from 4.6 in 2016 to 4.15 in 2019 with an average annual decline rate 0.15 per women. This trend still demands to find the factors that may currently affect the currently fertility rate in Ethiopia due to still high rate of fertility and population growth. Children ever born, for this study, is the total number of children born by a woman (both alive and dead) and reported during the data collection period. The study on fertility is significant as the actual fertility depends on women current fertility level. However, there is limited study conducted about children ever born in Ethiopia so far. As a result this study is necessitated to be conducted. The objective of the study to study is to examine the key factor that affecting fertility in Ethiopia based on the EDHS data on women of reproductive ages. The survey was conducted using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method that covers all the 9 regions and 2 city administration of Ethiopia. A cross sectional study design was used to conduct the research. The analysis process was conducted by negative binomial regression model, by using this model current age of women, marital status, educational attainment, place of usual residence, wealth index, contraceptive usage and its knowledge was found to have higher significant predictor of current fertility level of women. Unexpected result such as child sex deference, daughter loss experience and duration of marriage of mothers was not found any association with the children ever born. Factors which were found to have statistical effect on the dependent variable needs receive attention by concerned bodies to make women to reduce their current fertility level reasonably. So in conclusion Ethiopia still need to take necessary step to control sustainably the current fertility level by making proper policy on the factors found in this study.