Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Capripoxviruses in Ethiopia

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2020-06

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Abstract

Capripoxviruses cause a severe problem and great economic losses in sheep, goats and cattle rearing countries of the world. In endemic regions of Africa, Middle East and in large parts of Asia, Capripoxviruses causes’ severe problem to domestic ruminants with a devastating effect. This disease was endemic in Ethiopia and cause significant economic loss through damage to hide and skin, decreased milk yield, weight loss and exposure to other diseases. The effective and rapid laboratory diagnostic techniques needed to detect tentative clinical cases of Capripoxviruses. In this study, 45 skin scrap, 27 buffy coat and 14 nasal swabs samples were collected from Oromia, Amhara, SNNPR, Tigray and Addis Ababa region with active outbreak cases of suspected sheep, goats and cattle to detect and to genotype the Capripoxviruses circulating in Ethiopia. A total of 86 field samples were collected from sheep, goats and cattle. The overall percentages of positive samples using conventional PCR from skin scrap, nasal swab and buffycoat in cattle were 85.36% (35/41), 69.23% (9/13) and (0/27) respectively. The conventional PCR results in cattle also indicated that detection of LSDV is high in the skin scrap than in nasal swab. In real time PCR detection for skin scrap, nasal swab and buffycoat were 92.68% (38/41), 69.23% (9/13), and 70.37% (19/27) positive for LSDV respectively. Real time PCR was more sensitive to detect buffycoat samples than conventional PCR. In small ruminants all samples were 100% positive by conventional and real time PCR in skin scrap and nasal swab samples. In current study, high resolution melting (HRM) assay also used for genotyping Capripoxvirus samples, in which LSDV differentiated from cattle and GTPV from sheep and goats. Therefore, early detection and genotyping method for Capripoxviruses will contribute significantly for designing control strategy.

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Keywords

buffycoat, Capripoxviruses, nasal swab, PCR, ruminant, skin scrap

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