Isolation, molecular detection, antibiogram profile and the associated risk factors of Salmonella from poultry farms in and around Debire Birhan
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Date
2021
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Salmonella infections are very common in both animals and humans that cause significant economic and public health impacts in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 to isolate, perform molecular detection, determine antibiogram, and asses the associated risk factors of Salmonella species from poultry farms in and around Debire Birhan, Central Ethiopia. For these purposes, a total of 384 samples obtained from cloacal swab (n=136), fecal dropping (n=130), chicken feed (n=64), and drinking water (n=54) were aseptically collected and examined. Out of 26 poultry farms subjected to standard bacteriological culture method, 19 (73.07%) were found positive for Salmonella isolates at least in one of the examined sample types. The overall bacteriological prevalence of Salmonella species isolated was 14.06% out of the total 384 samples analyzed. Among the determinants, sample type and flock size were strongly associated with the isolation and identification rate of Salmonella (P<0.05). Accordingly, higher isolation and identification rates found in fecal droppings 29(22.30%) and flock size greater than 1500 chickens/farm 20(23.25%), respectively. However, the isolation rate was not affected by location, age, and breed of the chickens. The molecular detection rate of S. Typhimurium was 50% out of the 30 Salmonella isolates subjected to a conventional polymerase chain reaction. The detection rate of S. Typhimurium showed significant association with age groups (p=0.03) and flock size (p=0.04) where higher isolation rates were recorded in the age group greater than 18 weeks and flock size greater than 1500 chickens. The disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility finding showed that all S. Typhimurium isolates were found multidrug resistant and higher antimicrobial resistance observed to ampicillin (93.3%) followed by oxytetracycline (86.7%), sulfamethoxazole (46.7%), and tetracycline (40%). On the other hand, 100% and 73.3% of isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, respectively. In nut shell, the present study disclosed higher isolation and detection rate of Salmonella species and also the appearance of multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium to several drugs necessitating the urgency for further detailed molecular characterization to come up with the circulating Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance strains and responsible genes.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, Chickens, Debere Birhan, Detection, Isolation, PCR, Salmonella Typhimurium