Molecular Detection and Virus Isolation of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus from Outbreak Cases in Selected Districts of Central Ethiopia
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Date
2023
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease also called Gumboro is a highly contagious viral disease of young chickens that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The disease is caused by the Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae, double strand RNA virus with a non-enveloped, icosahedral capsid with bi-segmented genome. An outbreak based cross sectional study was conducted in poultry farms located in Bishoftu, Dukem, Modjo, Gelan and Tulu-Dimtu, central Ethiopia, from December 2022 to May 2023 for molecular detection and isolation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from outbreak cases. Purposive sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire was employed
on selected farm owner and attendants to assess management and vaccination practices of the farms. Pools of bursal samples were collected, and virus isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to confirm the outbreak cases. From the total nineteen farms surveyed 47.37% vaccinate their chickens against IBDV. Only 21.05% vaccinate according to manufacturer‟s protocol and 78.95% revealed lack of knowledge about biosecurity practice, and 63.16% had poor hygienic condition, while only 26.32% practice regular cleaning and disinfectants. Out of a total of 4 bursal suspensions collected and prepared from 19 poultry farm outbreaks, all were showed characteristic cytopathic effects starting on day two post infection after second passage on differentiated fibroblasts (CEF) cell lines. Of the seven pooled samples analyzed by RT-PCR, six of them were positive results. The results indicated that there is continuous presence of IBD in poultry farms in the country suggesting that current vaccine procedures and protocols as well as management practices may not be working properly. In conclusion, IBD has become the most devastating disease of chicken in central Ethiopia, with high economic lose. Hence, sequencing of the positive samples is much needed to know the circulating virus strains in the areas.