Isolation, Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test, MALDI-TOF Confirmation and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Commercial Poultry Farms in Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Date
2023
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
In Ethiopia, the poultry sector, which is becoming the main source of economic activity, is being challenged by infectious diseases and the frequent use of antibiotics which may results in antibiotic resistance that leads to economic crises and public health issues. The current research work was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 with the objectives of identifying, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, MALDI-TOF confirmation and molecular characterization of pathogens from layer and broiler farms in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design and rapid questionnaire were employed using random sampling method to collect a total of 284 samples (cloacal swabs, litter droppings, water, and feed) from diverse farm size. The rapid questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the commonly available antibiotics with regard to their usage practices and management in the selected commercial poultry farms. The samples were transported to laboratory and the isolates were identified using primary and secondary isolation and confirmed by MALDI-TOF and conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Out of 284 samples processed for both Escherichia coli and Salmonella, 40 (25 from layer and 15 from broiler) and 38 (12 from layer and 14 from broiler) samples were confirmed by primary isolation and biochemical tests respectively. From a total of 38 Confirmed isolates of Salmonella only 26 isolates were furtherly subjected to MALDI-TOF and PCR for confirmation and remained negative. Out of the 40 samples subjected to MALDI-TOF confirmation for Escherichia coli, 17 isolates were found to be positive. All confirmed isolates of Escherichia coli were further subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test using nine types of antibiotics. The antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed highest resistance against tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in layers and amoxicillin in broilers. The findings of the present study disclosed that Escherichia coli to be widespread and prevalent in the study area with alarmingly high level of resistance for tetracycline where most of the farms were using it commonly. The rapid questionnaire on the use of antibiotics indicated indiscriminate utilization for prevention-treatment, for treatment and for treatment-prevention-growth purposes in a farm which might attribute to higher level of antimicrobial resistance. As a general, improvement of poultry biosecurity is recommended along with rational usage of antimicrobials. More specifically, the test agreement /discrepancy among the diagnostic tests should be further evaluated.
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Keywords
Antimicrobial Resistance, Biochemical tests, Escherichia Coli, Isolation, MALDI TOF, Salmonella, Poultry, PCR, Bishoftu