In Vitro Antipromastigote Activity of Decocted and Hydrodistilled Leaf Extracts of Clematis Hirsuta Against Leishmania Donovani and Leishmania Aethiopica
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Date
2024-01
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the six most notable neglected tropical illnesses. The protozoan parasite known as Leishmania, which belongs to the family Trypanosomatidae, causes all three types of leishmaniasis in both the Old and New Worlds. The Food and drug administration approved liposomal amphotericin B (L-Amp B) as medication. Clematis hirsuta leaves and stem are used to treat leishmaniasis as locally known by the people of Debre Libanos monastery. This traditional claim is still untested, thus taking this evidence into consideration the current study was aimed at scientifically validating the antileishmanial potential of Clematis hirsuta by testing the in vitro antipromastigote activity of Clematis hirsuta decoction and hydrodistilled leaf extracts and to test for cytotoxicity. The extracts of Clematis hirsuta antipromastigote activities against the promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica and Leishmania donovani at 100 μg/ml and their cytotoxic effects against human red blood cells were evaluated. The decoction extract of C. hirsuta showed 75.36 ± 1.47 % and 87.37 ± 0.39 % growth inhibition on L. aethiopica and L. donovani, respectively at 100 μg/ml. While the hydrodistilled extract of C. hirsuta showed 97.22 ± 0.02 % and 97.54 ± 0.07 % growth inhibition on L. aethiopica and L. donovani, respectively. The IC50 values of decocted extract were 0.01 μg/ml and 0.002 μg/ml against L. aethopica and L. donovani, respectively. While the IC50 values of hydrodistilled extracts were 0.39 μg/ml and 0.06 μg/ml against L. aethopica and L. donovani, respectively. On hemolysis assay, the decoction extract showed 18.18 ± 2.14 % hemolysis on red blood cells. While the hydrodistilled extract showed 57.57 ± 4.28 % hemolysis on red blood cells. The CC50 values of decocted extract and hydrodistilled extracts were >1000 μg/ml and 881.0 μg/ml on red blood cells respectively. On selectivity index values, the decocted extract had a SI >1000 on both Leishmania promastigotes. While the hydrodistilled extract had SI of 2258.97 on L. aethiopica and 14,683.3 on L. donovani. In conclusion, the decocted extract showed above 75% activity while the hydrodistilled extract showed above 97% activity against both Leishmania promastigotes. The extracts were less toxic against RBC as well. Both extracts were also selective against both Leishmania promastigotes. This suggested that these extracts were active against the parasite and validate the claims of its use against leishmaniasis. Future works are recommended to test antiamastigote activity.
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Keywords
Antipromastigote, Antileishmania, Clematis Hirsuta, Leishmania Aethopica, Leishmania Donovani