Genetic Diversity and Selection Efficiency of Ethiopian Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) Landrace Collections
| dc.contributor.advisor | Tesfaye, Kassahun (PhD) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Asmamaw, Meseret | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-07-05T12:48:34Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-08T16:39:46Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-07-05T12:48:34Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-08T16:39:46Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2016-09 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) is an economically important crop because of its unique characteristics and end products like semolina for pasta making. In Ethiopia, durum wheat is among the most important Triticum species with higher morphological variability among landraces. Knowledge of the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within and among populations is very crucial to identify useful breeding materials and design appropriate collection and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity of 160 durum wheat accessions were studied using 17 morpho-agronomic traits and 12 SSR markers. A field and laboratory experiments were also undertaken in 2014-2016 in Ethiopia to characterize and evaluate durum wheat germplasm for attributes of morphological and molecular characterization. The field studies for morphological characterization was undertaken at Adadi Maryam and Ginchi using randomized complete block design with two replications while the molecular characterization study was conducted in Holeta national agricultural biotechnology laboratory (HNABL) at Holetta in Ethiopia. The average linkage technique of clustering produced a more understandable portrayal of the 160 durum wheat accessions by grouping them into seven clusters with inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 13to 235 . According to genotypic correlation grain yield had highly significant positive correlation coefficient with harvest index, biomass yield, grain filling efficiency, biomass production rate and economic growth rate. In the present study spike length, grain yield, stem rust disease reaction, harvest index, economic growth rate, biomass production rate and biomass yield exhibited relatively higher broad sense heritability. In genetic progress study of 19 released varieties, empirical experimental evidence of gains in durum wheat yield showed that at average rate of increase in yield potential per year of release over 46 years period from the slope of linear regression shown in the graph was 30.99 kg/ha (0.74%) per year over the oldest variety Arendato. Analysis Molecular of Variance (AMOVA) showed higher variation within populations (81%) while the remaining 19% attributed for among population. The degree of polymorphism between populations varied from 74% for the collections from Eastern Tigray to 98.86 % for collections from Harergie, with the average of 88%. The dendogram of cluster analysis based on neighbor-joining algorithm categorized the 160 durum wheat accessions into three major clusters consisting of 47, 64, and 49 of the accessions in cluster I, II, and III, respectively. The highest values of genetic distance ranges from North Gonder and East Tigray (0.576) to smallest genetic distance between accessions from Bale and Harergie (GD=0.092).The HWE test for 12 loci were exhibited that loci (BARC 153, CFD 257, WMS 493, and WMS 516) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the populations analyzed. However, significant deviation from HWE was observed in some of the locus through tested populations. In 2D, most individuals of the respective populations were observed to form three major cluster groups with some sub cluster groups with higher intermixing from the other population. Thus, most of accessions from all 15 populations were intermixed with one another. Key Words: Triticum durum Desf, Genetic Diversity, Trait association, Heritability, SSR primers, Polymorphism, Disease resistance. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/6730 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Addis Ababa University | en_US |
| dc.subject | Triticum durum Desf | en_US |
| dc.subject | Genetic Diversity | en_US |
| dc.subject | Trait association | en_US |
| dc.subject | Heritability | en_US |
| dc.subject | SSRprimers | en_US |
| dc.subject | Polymorphism | en_US |
| dc.subject | Disease resistance | en_US |
| dc.title | Genetic Diversity and Selection Efficiency of Ethiopian Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) Landrace Collections | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |