Bioactivity Guided Study on the Antimalarial Activities of Clerodendrum myricoides and Dodonaea angustifolia
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Date
2011-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Malaria constitutes one of the major health problems in Ethiopia. One of the reasons
attributed for the increase was the development of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum
to antimalarial drugs. A continued search for other effective, safe and cheap plant-based
antimalarial agents thus becomes urgent in the face of these difficulties. The objective of
the present study was therefore to evaluate in vivo antiplasmodial activities of successive
extracts of Clerodendrum myricoides and Dodonaea angustifolia leaves and possibly
isolate active ingredients. They were evaluated for their antimalarial activity in 4-day
suppressive assays against Plasmodium berghei strain in Swiss albino mice. The
concentrated methanol extract of leaves of C. myricoides and D. angustifolia presented
relatively high activities, which reduced the parasitemia by 76.66% and 80.89% at an oral
dose of 300mg/kg/day, 76.99% and 78.27% at an oral dose of 500mg/kg/day
respectively. On the other hand, the chloroform/ethyl acetate (1:1) and chloroform
extracts of these plants did not inhibit the parasitaemia significantly. Ethyl acetate extract
obtained from successive extraction of methanol extract of D. angustifolia suppressed
parasitaemia significantly (82.24% at 150mg/kg). Similarly the same dose of ethyl
acetate and residue (ethyl acetate insoluble) extract of C. myricoides methanol extract
also showed moderate inhibition activity with 61.30% and 69.31% mean suppression
respectively. The TLC, Column chromatography and NMR spectrometer results of the
extracts of these plants indicated that they are rich in natural chemical constituents. The
results showed encouraging indications for further refined work on the use of these plants
as sources of antimalarial plants.
KEY WORDS: Clerodendrum myricoides, Dodonaea angustifolia, malaria, medicinal
plants, Plasmodium berghei, traditional medicine
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Keywords
Clerodendrum myricoides, Dodonaea angustifolia, malaria, medicinal plants, Plasmodium berghei, traditional medicine