SEROEPIDEMIOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS AND ITS ZOONOTIC IMPLICATION IN SELECTED TOWNS OF OROMIA REGION, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA
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Date
2018-06
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Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with economic and public health impact, particularly for human and animal populations within developing countries that relay on livestock production. A cross-sectional study was carried out on bovine brucellosis in three zones of Oromia Region, of central Ethiopia from October 2017 to May 2018. Simple random sampling method was employed to sample unvaccinated cattle above 6 months of age. A total of 803 blood samples were collected from non-vaccinated, crossbred and local breeds of 110 farms of dairy cattle. Individual sera samples were tested for the presence of anti-Brucella antibody using Rose Bengal plate test and RBPT positive samples were further tested using Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA) as confirmatory test. Thirteen out of 803 (1.6%) of the samples were positive by RBPT while 11 out of the 13 RBPT positive sera were confirmed to be positive using C-ELISA. Herd and individual animal level seroprevalence were found to be 5.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Risk factors such as herd size, breed and abortion history were significantly associated with seropositivity of Brucella antibodies. Herd level analysis of the risk factors indicated that the odds of having brucellosis was 21 times higher in farms with large herd size (>20 animals), (OR = 20.99, CI=3.45–127.53) than medium (11-20 animals) and smaller herd sizes (5-10 animals). The odds of Brucella infection in local breed cows were 10.5 times at higher risk than in cross breeds. Similarly, risk of having brucellosis in those herds experiencing abortion was 29.2 times at higher risk (OR =29.2, CI = 6.61–128.94) than those without. Dairy farmers addressed in this study were used to throw retained fetal membrane, aborted fetus and different discharges to the environment. They also consume both raw milk and meat that may be associated with high risk of public health problem. Results of this study showed that the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in the study areas was low and pre-purchase test, isolation of sick and new entry animals, movement control between different herds and creation of public awareness by educating people are forwarded to reduce disease transmission within animals and from animals to humans.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND AGRICULTURE, ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF VETERINARY SCIENCE IN VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
Keywords
Brucellosis, CELISA, Diagnosis