A Comparative Study on the Altruistic Behaviors of Home -reared, Institutionalized and Street children in Addis Ababa
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Date
2010-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
To illvesligale Ille allruislic bellavior of IIollle reared, illslituliollllli.ed, allli slreel cllildrell, olle-llulldred
sevellty four subjecls rallgillg frolll sevell 10 eigilteell years were adlllillislered a prosocilll 1II0livalioll
quesliollllaire (PSMQ). Equalllumbers of subjecls were lakell frolll eacll group; witll equal lIumber of
lIIale alld felllale subjecls; alld willi equalllulllber of subjecls frolll eacll age calegory. HOlllogellelty of _
varialloe assulllptioll was foulld 10 be lellable usillg Levelles lesl of IIolllogelleily of variallce. Norlllalily
of Ille dislribullOII of allrulstic bellavior III Ille populalioll was also fOlllldlo be lellable elllployillg a elli
square lesl. Firsl olle-way belweell-subjecls ANOVA lesled Ille efJecls oJ residelllial sellillg 011 Ille
altruistic behavior of home-reared, ills/illil/oualized ami l'lreel chill/rell. Seeo",1 tI 2(sex: IIIlIle, female)
x3(residelllial sellillg: Itollle reared, itlsliluliollaliud, slreel cltildrell) x3(age :7-10, 11-14, 15-18)
factorial alllilysis of variallce tested the effects of sex, residential settillg, alld age 011 the altruistic
behaviors of frome-reared, institutionalizel/, and street chiltlrell, respectively. Third, a 3(family
size:small,lIIel/iulIl,large)x3(birtlz order: first borll, last baril, lIeither)x3(malerllal presellce:a!ive,dOJlIIOI
alive, separaled) faclorial allalysis of vilrillllce lesled lite effecls of falllily siu, birllt order, ami IIIlllemal
presence all the altruistic behaviors of home-reared c/tildrell. Since t/rere are six COlls/rllcts lIuderlyillg
tire PSMQ, each of 'he above methods was performed 011 eaell o[ tile six altruiJlie orientatiolls, Results
of lite olle-way belweell-sllbjecls ANOVA 011 lite six aitrllislic orielllllliolls by resilielllilli _,ellillg Jor lite
Iltree residelltial sellillgs were 1101 eqlllli (P<0.005). All a posleriori Illl1ltiple cOlllpllrisoll procelillre
sltoweli sigllificalll differellce betweell Iltese ptlirs of lIIellllS. Resllits of a 2x3x3 ftlcloritll tlllalysis of
variance /Ising sex residential settillg alld age illdicated sigllificallt result for tile main effects of
resilielllial sellillg faclors 011 Itedollislie oriellleli altmislll (F(2,171) =112.016, P<0.0005), all laskoriellleli
allmislll (F(2,171) =22.078, P<0.0005), 011 se/foriellled altmism (F(2,171) = 86.314, P<0.0005),
011 cOllforlllity oriellled aitruislll (F(2,171) = 26.848, P <0.0005), 011 elllptllitelie oriellleli tlitruism (F
(2,171) = 110.341, P<0005), tllld 011 ollters oriellleli aitruislll (F(2,171) = 54.622, P<0.0005). Tltis lesl
also sltowed slgllificalll reslllt for lite lIIt1ill effecls of lite sex ftlClOr 011 se/f orielllell aitrllislII (F I (I, 172) =
6.082, P=O.OI5), 011 cOllformity oriellleli Ilitmism (F(I,172) = 9.435, P = 0.003), allli aliter -oriellled
IIllmism (F(I,172) = 4.542, P = 0.035). However, sigllificalll resllits for lite lIIaill effecls of lite agefaclor
011 1I0lle of lite six aitruislic orielllaliolls was oblailled. Reslilts of a 3x3x3 faclorial IlIlIIlysis of variallce
amollg IIome reared clll/(/ren 011 tile six altruistic oriellwtiolls by birtll urder, [amily size, and maternal
presellce illdlcaled sigllificalll resllit for ollly lite lIIaill effecls of lite malefllill presellce fllclor 011
Iteliollislic oriellled allmislll (F(2,55) = 5.378, P = 0.008), 111I1i Oil se/f oriellleli IIllmislll (F(2,171) =
4.496, P= 0.017). However, sigllificIlII1 resllits were //01 f01ll1l1 for lite IIlIIill effecls of lite JIlClors Jamily
size alld birth order 011 the six altruistic orielltatioll.\·, The r(.'.\'II/I.\· higlllighled Iht.! imporlallc/! (~l
residelltial settillg,sex alld materllal preselU.'e 10 tile varialloll ill Ille altruislic be/WIIJor of cllildren /11
ail, Iltese resllits were illlerpreled as sllggeslillg Iltal il mtly 1101 be residelllilli sellillg alolle Iltal is
illlporltllll for lite 1II0livalioll of allmislic (ltelpillg) bellllvior bill aliter bllckgroullli vllrillbies of sex tlllli
materllal presence have also contributed to it
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Keywords
Altruistic Behaviors of Home -reared, Institutionalized