MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATES FROM OUTBREAK CASES IN CATTLE FROM SAWENA DISTRICT OF BALE ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
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Date
2017-06
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Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease caused by LSD virus and is one of the most economically significant transboundary and emerging diseases of cattle. An outbreak investigation of the disease was monitored from October 2016 to April 2017 in southern pastoral areas of Bale Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. In December 2016, LSD outbreak occured in Sewena district of Bale Zone, from which necessary biopsy samples were collected from actively infected animals for the purpose of virus isolation, and characterization using different molecular techniques at Animal Health and Diagnostic Investigation Center (NAHDIC) of Sebeta, Ethiopia. In addition clinical examination of infected and in contact animals were carried out together with questionnaire survey. A questionnaire survey was designed to identify potential risk factors of the disease. Based on the clinical manifestations, LSD was recorded in 18% (94/522) of examined animals, whereas biopsy samples from 20 clinically positive animals were collected for further laboratory process. The morbidity rate was higher in animals less than two years 29.97% (31/107) than other ages and showed statistically significant difference with (P<0.05). Female animals showed high morbidity rate of 20.59% (76/369) than male animals 11.76% (18/153) with significant difference at (P= 0.003). Mortality rate and case fatality were also significantly higher in young animals than other age groups. Viruses were isolated from both skin samples and nasal swabs on Vero cell line. Conventional PCR and Real-Time PCR analysis confirmed that DNA extracts from both skin biopsies and nasal swabs of all virus isolates were positive for LSDV. The questionnaire survey revealed that the common sources of infections were communal points (like markets, watering and grazing areas) and introduction of sick animals to the herd. In conclusion there were huge losses from occurrence of LSD as the isolates were confirmed by characterizations in the laboratory and its economic losses estimated from single outbreak in the present study. Providing adequate diagnostic facilities, establishing strategic policies for effective control and eradication, awareness creations for communities for early identification/or reporting were recommendations made to minimize economic losses of the disease.
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MSc Thesis
Keywords
Bale Zone, Ethiopia, LSD, Outbreak Investigation