Assessment of serum electrolyte level and kidney function tests among Ethiopian public health institute staff members: a cross sectional study.
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Date
2018-10
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Addis Ababa Universty
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) becomes one of the public health problems and major cause of mortality because of late diagnosis that makes it difficult to treat and prevent the adverse outcomes. CKD is asymptomatic until end stage. Early screening, detection, and identification of kidney disease or risk groups are based on laboratory findings. In developing country including Ethiopia screening is very rare and currently, hearing sudden death from kidney failure and its complication is increasingly becoming common.
Objectives: The objective of this study was screening and early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by assessing serum electrolytes and kidney function tests and to detect the associated risk factors for CKD among Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) Staff Members
Methodology: Cross sectional based study was conducted using WHO stepwise survey among volunteers of EPHI staff members. Automated COBAS 6000 Analyzer was used to analyze the samples. Statistical data analysis was held by SPSS version 20 model and the association of risk factors with the prevalence of CKD was assessed using logistic regression. Data was collected by senior health professionals. Blood sample collection was done through standardized, calibrated, and sterile technique by laboratory technologist. Ethical clearance was obtained from Ethiopian Public Health Institute- Institutional Review Board (EPHI-IRB) and Addis Ababa University Biochemistry Department Ethics and Research Committee (DRERC).
Results: Total of 412 study participants were screened in this study. About 51.2% were males and the majority of the study participants (41%) were between ages of 18-32 years. Most study participants (60%) were married. Alcohol drinking (66%) was the most common bad behavioral practice. None of these study participants showed chronic kidney disease. But about 3.6% by MDRD and 1.9% by CKD-EPI equations were in stage two kidney disease. Self-reported previous history of hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, obesity, and family history of kidney failure were common in the study participants which comprise 18%, 3.4%, 5.3%, 8.5%, and 6.1% respectively. Hyperkalemia (9.5%) and hypocalcemia (8.5%) were the most common electrolyte disorders. Hyponatremia and hypophosphatemia were not found.
Conclusion: The prevalence of stage two kidney disease was relatively low and no one was under serious kidney disease (GFR <60mmoL/min/1.73m2). Older age, high BMI, and previous history of CVD were significantly associated factors for reduced glomerular filtration rate.
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Prevalence, screening, GFR, CKD, and risk factors.