Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Gram Negative Bacteria from Gowns and Mobile phones of Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Health care workers
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Date
2019-05
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamases are rapidly evolving group of enzymes produced by certain bacteria that are able to hydrolyze cephalosporin, penicillin and monobactam. Mobile phones and gowns serve as reservoir of ESBL producing microorganisms that could be easily transmitted to the health care workers hands from. Hospital-acquired infection is an increasing global concern for patient safety and it affects more than 25% of the total health care admissions in developing countries.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the burden of extended spectrum β- lactamase producing gram negative bacteria and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns isolated from mobile phones and gowns of health care workers at Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital.
Methods: A laboratory based cross sectional study was done from January 2019 to April 2019. A total of 572 paired samples were collected from mobiles and gowns. Bacterial isolates were screened for ESBL production using CHROME agar ESBL and confirmed using cefotaxime, cefotaxime-clavulnic acid and ceftazidime, ceftazidime –clavulnic acid method according to clinical laboratories standard institutes.
Results: Overall, the magnitude of gram negative bacteria isolated from mobile phones and gowns was 454/572(79.4%) and 477(83.4%) respectively, and out of 454 gram negative bacteria isolated from Mobile phones, 48/572 (8.3%) were extended spectrum β-lactamases producers. About 54/572(9.4%) health care workers gowns were also contaminated with extended spectrum β-lactamases producing bacteria. K .pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, E.coli and Citrobacter were the most dominant isolates. ESBL producers were highly resistant to ampicillin (81%-100%), cotrimoxazole (67%-100%) and chloramphenicol (67-100%) and highly sensitive to meropenem (96%-100%), imipenem996-100%) and piperacillin -tazobactam(90%-100%).
Conclusion: Health care workers mobile phones and gowns were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Since gowns and mobile phones could serve as a vehicle and a reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms, health care workers should be aware on the public health risk of hospital-acquired infection and appropriate interventions mechanisms should be in place to reduce the burden and cross transmission.
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Keywords
Extended spectrum β- lactamase, gram negative bacteria, health care workers, mobile phone and gown