Invivo Anti-Malarial Evaluation of Leaf Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) Against Plasmodium Berghei
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Date
2015-11
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Introduction: Malaria is one of the world’s most serious infectious diseases caused by
Plasmodium parasites. An increased drug resistance to conventional anti-malarial,
increasing resistance of mosquito vectors to insecticides, challenge of having effective
vaccines and adverse effects of the existing anti-malarial drugs justifies the urgent need
for more effective, tolerable and affordable anti-malarial drugs.
Objective: In the attempt to search for new antimalarial drugs, the present study aimed to
evaluate antimalarial activity and acute toxicity of crude extract of Vernonia amygdalina
leaf extracts.
Methods: The leaf of Vernonia amgdalina extract were prepared by cold maceration
technique, four day suppressive, curative and prophylaxis test in mouse model was done
to cheek the effect of the plant extracts against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice.
Extracts were administered at doses of (200, 400 and 600) mg/kg body weight of mice.
Data obtained from the experiment was analyzed using paired t-test and one way
ANOVA.
Results: The present study indicated that the extract did not exhibit any signs of acute
toxicity up the dose of 2000mg/kg. The aqueous and hydrometanol extracts of V.
amygdalina showed a parasitemia chemosuppression at the dose of 600 mg/kg with 68.8
and 69.2 % (p<0.0001) in 4-day suppressive test, 69.3 and 70.8% in curative model and
70.3 and 71.5% %(p<0.0001) in prophylactic model as compared to normal control,
respectively, with significant (p<0.0001) effect on survival time compared to normal
control. In Curatve test of the present study, the extract had shown prevention against
Packed cell volume (PCV) and weight reduction significantly (p<0.05), as compared to
normal control, in dose dependent manner. But the 4 days suppression and prophylactic
model did not prevent reduction of PCV and weight fall. In all three models, the extract
did not cause significant prevention of rectal temperature decrement.
Conclusion: The extracts showed parasitemia suppression and a promising curative and
prophylaxis activities in dose dependent manner.
Key words: Antimalarial activity, V. amygdalina, P. berghei, traditional medicine, invivo.
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Keywords
Antimalarial activity; V. amygdalina; P. Berghei; Traditional medicine; Invivo.