Determination of Major and Trace Metals in Infant Formulas by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry.
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Date
2020-02-02
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Samples of infant formulas were collected from different supermarkets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. After preparation of samples, different digestion procedures were tested by varying reagent volumes, digestion time and temperature to develop an optimum digestion procedure. The optimal procedure required 1 hour and consumed 2 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 to completely digest 0.5 g of powdered infant formula samples. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analyzing spiked samples with standard solution. Recoveries of the spiked samples varied from 94 ± 0.05 % to 104 ± 0.4 % for infant formula samples. Concentrations of major and trace metals in the samples were analyzed by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry employing calibration curve. The observed average metals concentrations were (mean ± SD mg/kg). In Liptomil Na (714.67 ± 56.81), K (1872.33 ± 49.78), Ca (38550.13 ± 485.9), Al (70.93 ± 3.05), Cr (13.56 ± 0.67), Mn (13.72 ± 1.19), Fe (159.59 ± 59), Co (1.76 ± 0.14), Ni (0.38 ± 0.03), Cu (10.59 ± 0.38), Zn (135.12 ± 10.11). In Mamilac Na (739.74 ± 41.99), K (2081.93 ± 54.87), Ca (38258.72 ± 994.6), Al (43.58 ± 2.98), Cr (16.05 ± 1.23), Mn (14.12 ± 0.15), Fe (149.26 ± 5.61), Co (0.015 ± 0.01), Ni (0.56 ± 0.03), Cu (11.41 ± 0.25), Zn (121.22 ± 0.32). In Bebelac Na (691.12 ± 66.39), K (2572.92 ± 240.13), Ca (41963.82 ± 1941.29), Al (33.79 ± 2.19), Cr (16.39 ± 1.01), Mn (13.12 ± 0.68), Fe (142.32 ± 1 0.08), Co (2.52 ± 0.12), Ni (0.35 ±0.03), Cu (10.45 ± 0.52), Zn (98.22 ± 5.45). In Anchor Na (1163.73 ± 27.87), K (3605.39 ± 223.56), Ca (43373.41 ± 1302.23), Al (59.83 ± 4.45), Cr (15.33 ± 0.59), Mn (14.96 ± 0.69), Fe (187.68 ± 14.39), Co (2.51 ± 0.17), Ni (0.32 ± 0.03), Cu (8.86 ± 0.58), Zn (129.01 ± 9.14). This study showed that the metal contents varied with the brands of the infant formulas. The toxic metals Pb and Cd were not detected in all brands of infant formulas.The percentage relative standard deviations (% RSD) were less than 10% for all the analyzed elements. In addition, the observed results were also compared with the reported literature values analyzed from other parts of the world. The concentrations of most of the metals determined are found to be within the range of literature values.
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Keywords
Infant Formulas, Microwave Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Major and Trace Metals, Wet Digestion