SEROPREVALENCE AND ISOLATION OF BRUCELLA SPECIES FROM CAMEL AND CATTLE WITH HISTORY OF RECENT ABORTION IN AMIBARA DISTRICT, AFAR REGIONAL STATE
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Date
2017-06
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Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in selected district of Afar regional state to determine the sero-prevalence of Brucellosis, isolate and identify brucella species in camels and cattle with history of recent abortion. A total of 350 blood samples were collected from camels (n=223) and cattle (n=127) based on purposive sampling technique for sero-prevalence study. In line with this, a total of 42 specimens (25 milk, 15 vaginal swab and 2 synovial fluid) were collected for isolation and identification of Brucella species. In addition, data related to risk factors of transmission or occurrences of brucellosis were also collected to assess the potential association of risk factors with seropositivity. The sera samples were serologically screened using classical Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) and Competitive Enzyme Linked Immune sorbet Assay (C-ELISA). Milk, Vaginal Swab and Synovial fluid samples were properly processed and subjected to bacteriological isolation on Brucella Selective Media. Accordingly, the serological test result in the present study revealed that out of a total of 350 animals tested the overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 8.6% using RBPT alone, 1.7% with combined RBPT-CFT and 18.3% with C-ELISA. The seroprevalence of Brucella infection in clinically aborted camels in the study area was estimated to be of 6.7% with RBPT alone, 1.3% with combined RBPT-CFT and 13.5% with C-ELISA; similarly the seroprevalence in cattle was 11.8% with RBPT alone, 2.4% with combined RBPT-CFT and 26.8% with C-ELISA. History and stage of abortion in cattle with Fisher`s exact test analysis and age in both cattle and camel with multivariable logistic analysis showed a statistically significant (p< 0.05) association with seropositivity using combined RBPT-CFT test and C-ELISA respectively. However, the association of other risk factors with seropositivity of brucellosis was not significant. Out of 42 clinical samples cultured, 5 were positive with an overall rate of isolation of 11.9% (5/42) and all the five isolates were confirmed to be B. abortus based on biochemical test result. B. abortus was isolated from vaginal swab 20% (3/15) and synovial fluid 100% (2/2) while no isolate was obtained from milk. In conclusion, Brucellosis in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular still remains prevalent and Brucella abortus was identified as causative agent of brucellosis. The isolation of Brucella abortus mainly from vaginal swab shows the potential risk of zoonotic transmission and hence warrants the need for further research and community awareness creation.
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MSc Thesis
Keywords
Abortion, Brucella, Camel, Cattle