Assessing Water Conservation and Demand Management Option for Addis Ababa City
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hailu, Dereje (PhD) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Teklemariam, Mengistu | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-07-23T12:37:20Z | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-11T08:32:11Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-07-23T12:37:20Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-11T08:32:11Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2010-12 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This research develops water demand (end-use) modelling and forecasting, and assesses water conservation and demand management potential for the city of Addis Ababa. The research methodology consists of four steps: 1) data collection, 2) assessing and reducing water distribution system leakage, 3) developing water demand (end-use) modelling and forecasting, 4) water conservation and demand management analysis. International Water Association (IWA)/American Water Work Association (AWWA)’s water loss analysis software and economical leakage reduction model is used for assessing and reducing water distribution system leakage. The Demand Side Management Least Cost Planning Decision Support System or DSS model is developed and used for water demand forecasting and assessing water conservation and demand management measures. DSS model is Microsoft Excel application model. The non-revenue water (NRW) level in the water distribution system in the city of Addis Ababa is found to be 38.2Million m3/year (39.5% system input volume). The real or physical losses are 26.2Million m3/year (27%) of the total NRW, the commercial/ apparent losses are 10.1Million m3/year (10.5%) and unbilled authorized consumptions are1.9 Million m3/year (2%). The economical leakage reduction model result indicated that 5.7Milion m3/year or about 10% of the water losses is an ‘’economical leakage level’. This show about a 29.5% of water losses can be saved through implementation of the recommended water loss reduction programs for the city of Addis Ababa. The water demand (end-use) modeling and forecasting has identified the city average water use in liter per capita per day is 117 and the projected water demand will be 840, 1,502 and 2,735 Million of liter per day by 2020, 2030, and 2040 respectively. With adaption and implementation of the recommended water conservation and demand management program B in the city of Addis Ababa would reduce the future water demand by 66%. This would postpone up to 2020 and downsize of the need for developing new water sources and infrastructures. Furthermore, the benefitcost analysis result of adapting and implementing the recommended water conservation and demand management program B provides present value benefit of 106,550 million birr and costs present value of 862 million birr to Water and Sewerage Authority of Addis Ababa (AAWSA). The benefit-cost ratio is found to be 120. The cost of water saved is found to be 8,145birr/Million litre which is less than the cost of developing new deep wells and operation and maintenance cost of 300,000birr/Million litres by AAWSA. Therefore, water conservation and demand management provides economically feasible and environmentally sustainable solution for meeting the shortfall supply and projected future water demand in the city of Addis Ababa. The environmental sustainability of water conservation and demand management option is reducing the waste water generated from household and buildings to sewerage system or to the environment. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/12345678/9839 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Addis Ababa University | en_US |
| dc.subject | Planning Decision Support System | en_US |
| dc.title | Assessing Water Conservation and Demand Management Option for Addis Ababa City | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |