Pharmacological Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Extract on Pasteurella Multocida and Mannheimia Haemolytica Isolated from Small Ruminants
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Small ruminants (SR), namely sheep and goats, are playing key roles in supporting the livelihood of poor farmers particularly in the developing country due to their potential to replicate and rapid growth, and valuable commodities where they are raised for meat, milk, and wool. Despite the economic and sociocultural significance of SR in Ethiopia, the occurrence of diseases and other factors cause their productivity to be very low. Pneumonic pasteurellosis is one of the most economically important infectious diseases of SR, with a global distribution. Antibiotics may be effective in treating the disease. However, farmers residing in remote areas of Ethiopia prefer to practice herbal medicines to manage respiratory infections in SR. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of selected medicinal plants. The medicinal plants, namely Nicotiana tabacum, Psidium guajava and Solanum incanum
were selected based on a literature review of previous studies that showed promising effects on respiratory diseases, namely P. multocida and M. haemolytica strains. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol and chloroform extracts of the three selected medicinal plants against P. multocida and M. haemolytica strains. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts of the three medicinal plants were also investigated. The antibacterial activity evaluation results showed the methanol extracts of the three medicinal plants had good activity against the two strains at 200mg/ml concentration and was comparable to gentamicin and streptomycin. From the three selected medicinal plants S. incanum showed higher zone of inhibition (26.3mm) as compared to that of N. tabacum (19.8mm) and P. guajava (19.6mm). Similarly, the chloroform extracts showed good activity against the two strains. However, the chloroform extracts of P. guajava showed the highest activity (30.2mm) on P. multocida at 200mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical screening showed various levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The results of the antibacterial activity investigation showed that the crude extracts of all tested plants inhibit the growth of the tested bacterial strains. The current findings support the traditional use of these plants against major respiratory diseases causing two bacterial strains in SR.