In vivo Antihypertensive and In vitro Vasodilatory Effect of Crude Extracts and Fractions of Moringa stenopetala Leaves in Rodents
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Date
2015-08
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Moringa stenopetala is an edible plant that has been medicinally claimed as a remedy for treatment
of hypertension, diabetes, malaria and stomach pain mainly in southern parts of Ethiopia.
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo antihypertensive effect in fructose induced hypertensive
male Wistar rats and in vitro vasodilatory effect in pre-contracted isolated guinea pigs
thoracic aorta strip.
Rats were randomly divided into groups; three controls (positive, negative and normal control
group) and 12 treatment groups of six male Wistar rats (n=6). Treatment groups were given daily
crude extract, fraction and residue (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of M. stenopetala orally with DFructose
(66% w/v ad libitum). Whereas, positive, negative and normal control groups received
Captopril (20 mg/kg/day with 66% w/v D-Fructose ad libitum), only D-Fructose (66% w/v ad libitum)
and distilled water ad libitum, respectively for 15 days. On the other hand, for the in vitro
vasodilatory study guinea pig was sacrificed by gentle cervical dislocation and the thoracic aorta
ring was removed, cut spirally and mounted in an organ bath containing 37oC maintained Kreb’s
Henseleit physiological solution aerated with carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2) for experiment.
The study showed that aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts a significant prevention in increment in
systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure in a dose dependent manner compared with negative
and normal controls. The extracts also showed suppression in increment in a total cholestrerol,
glucose and triglycerides plasma level compared with normal control. In addition, the oral daily
administration of extracts produced a rise in liver enzymes but no effect on kidney metabolites
compared with normal control group. All extracts showed a relaxation effect in pre-contracted
isolated thoracic aorta of guinea pigs in dose dependent manner.
The in vivo antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic and in vitro vasodilatory effect was significantly
shown with aqueous extract followed by 70% ethanol extract. But the effect was low in experimental
groups that took ethyl acetate fraction and aqueous residue of aqueous extract.
Keywords: antihypertensive, vasodilatory, in vivo, in vitro, Moringa stenopetala, antidyslipidemic
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Keywords
Antihypertensive; Vasodilatory, In vivo, in vitro; Moringa stenopetala; Antidyslipidemic