The effect of Hydroethanolic extract of Curcuma longa Linn (Curcuma domestica Valeton) Rhizome on Colon, Liver and hematological parameters on a model of 1,2-Dimethyl hydrazine induced colorectal cancer in male Wistar albino rats
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Date
2019-11
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Cancer incidence, mortality, and burden are growing at an alarming rate around
the globe. Colorectal cancer is ranked as the fourth most lethal cancer in the world and in
Ethiopia it accounts 7%. Certain herbal medicines protect the body from cancer by improving
cellular defense mechanisms (anti-inflammatory, detoxification, and antioxidant).Curcuma longa
is one of herbal medicine that has the potential to fight cancer.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Hydroethanolic extract of Curcuma
longa Linn. rhizome on colon, liver and hematological parameters on a model of 1,2-
dimethylhydrazine induced colorectal cancer in male Wistar albino rats.
Methods: 80 male Wistar albino rats divided into three groups. The group I intraperitoneal
administration of normal saline 2mL/kg for 15 weeks, group II intraperitoneal injection of 20
mg/kg of 1,2- Dimethyl hydrazine for 15consecutive weeks, and group VI intraperitoneal
injection of 20 mg/kg of 1,2- Dimethyl hydrazine and simultaneously oral administration of 500
mg/kg of extract for 15 weeks. After 15 weeks group II rats were divided into four groups and
the groups were renamed (group II, III, IV, and V).Three different doses (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg,
and 1000mg/kg daily) of hydroethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome were administered
for 8 weeks for groups III, IV, and V respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were
anesthetized and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for whole blood and biochemical
analysis. Rats were sacrificed, liver and colon were isolated for histopathological investigation.
Results: The results indicated that the elevated level of total White blood count, neutrophil and
monocyte and decreased level of lymphocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count seen in
cancer rats. The affected parameters were effectively restored by hydroethanolic extract of
Curcuma longa. The Extract has been found to have immunomodulatory, anti-metastasis,
hepatoprotective, and chemo-preventive effects.
Conclusion: Curcuma longa grown in Ethiopia has anti-oxidant, immune-modulatory,
detoxifications boosting, chemo-preventive, and anti-metastasis activities due to the presence of
adequate secondary metabolites.
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Keywords
Colorectal cancer, 1,2- Dimethyl hydrazine, Curcuma longa (Curcuma domestica), Wistar albino rats