Evaluation of Techniques for the Diagnosis of 'Sfrongyloid.Es Stercoralis in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Individuals in Selected Health Institutions in Addis Ababa
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Date
2006-07
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
A total of 351 individuals, 226 HIV positive and 125 HIV negative, were
examined by nutrient agar plate, Baermann method , direct fecal smear,
concentration method , Harada Mori filter paper and charcoal culture in this
study. Among these 139(39.6%) were positive for different type of intestinal
parasites. The common intestinal parasites detected in this study were S.
stercoralis, E. histolytica / dispar, A . lumbricoides, B. hominis, G. lamblia,
hookworm, C. parvum , and I . belli. Out of these parasites, more than 90% of
S. stercoralis and all cases of C. parvum and I . belli were detected from HIV
positive subjects. Although different intestinal parasites were detected from
HIV patients, S. stercoralis was the predominant infection detected by nutrient
agar plate and was associated with chronic diarrhea in the HIV/ AIDS patients
included in the study. Since S. stercoralis is known to exist as an
asymptomatic chronic infection, more classical parasitological methods such as
direct and concentration methods were not as sensitive as the agar plate
culture and the Baermann method . The present study showed that the nutrient
agar plate culture method was the most sensitive method for the detection of S ,
stercoralis infection. It detected 97.7% of the infection among the total study
subjects. It furthermore detected 90.7% of S. stercoralis infection in HIV
positive patients with and without diarrhea . By using this method , it was
possible to show that 76.9% of S. stercoralis infection to be associated with
diarrhea in HIV positive patients (P<0.001 ). The agar plate culture method has
shown a strong association between HIV / AIDS and S. stercoralis infections
(P<0.001 ). Thus, this sensitive and specific diagnostic method can be used to
detect early and latent infections of S. stercoralis in HIV / AIDS patients.
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Biology