Treatment Outcome and Determinants of Mortality among Pediatric Patients with Severe Acute Malnutrition at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Date
2023-06
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Malnutrition is categorized into two groups based on its severity: moderate acute malnutrition and
severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The study aimed to assess the outcome of SAM treatment and
its determinants of mortality at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was
conducted at Yekatit 12 Hospital which is one of the public teaching hospitals. A prospective
follow up study was conducted from January 2020- January 2021. Each pediatric patient included
in this study was followed throughout the treatment period and the outcome variable measured and
declared at the end of the follow up period. The data was cleaned, coded and entered to EPI info 7
software version 7.1.4 and SPSS version 26 for analysis. Percentages, frequency, cross tabulation,
odds ratio variables were determined. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was under
taken to determine predictors of mortality among SAM patient. P-value < 0.05 was considered
significant. In this study a total of 246 pediatric patients with the diagnosis of SAM were included,
more than half 127 (51.6%) of them were males. Most of the study participants 104 (42.3%) were
less than one year old at the time of study period and most majority of them 177 (72.0%) were
residing in urban areas of the country. The most frequent co-morbid condition among study
participants was pneumonia, which accounted for 39.4% of cases. Among the survived study
participants, majority of them 189 (80%) were cured and discharged from the hospital. In the
current study, the majority of the study participants (95.9%) survived at the end of the follow-up
period. SAM patients with vomiting (AOR=24.3, 95% CI: 1.554-38.13, P=0.033), dermatitis
(AOR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.082-4.612, P=0.030) and those who spent 8-12 days in phase I (AOR=2.23,
95% CI: 1.082-4.612, P=0.030) had a greater risk of death than their counterparts. On the other
hand, children who got antibiotics for 15-21 and 22-28 days, as well as folic acid and ReSoMal,
had a greater survival rate. Since a considerable number of SAM patients in this study were case
relapses, long term monitoring and evaluation, set up procedures for keeping tracking and
assessing the effectiveness of initiatives to lower SAM mortality.
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Keywords
Determinants, Mortality, Sever Acute Malnutrition, Treatment Outcome