Antimicrobial Properties of Endophytic and Rhizospheric Fungi Associated With Some Medicinal Plants
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Date
2020-09-09
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Nowadays the development of multidrug resistant human pathogenic microorganisms and the emergence of new diseases are the most challenging problems in public health care on a global scale. To overcome this problem it needs intensive searching for new sources of effective antimicrobial agent producing organisms. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to isolate and identify the antimicrobial properties of entophytic and rhizospheric fungi associated with some medicinal plants. A total of 150 plant parts and 50 soil samples were collected from five medicinal plants around Bale Zone, west Arsi Zone and Chancho Oromia Special Zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. All collected samples were processed following standard protocols. In vitro antimicrobial activities were tested against common resistant pathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans). A total of 582 (316 endophytes and 266 rhizospheric) fungal isolates were obtained from the collected medicinal plants and soil samples. Accordingly, 78 (19.89%) isolates displayed antimicrobial activities against at least one target microorganism by fungal agar plug method. The ethyl acetate extracts of the crude metabolites of 18 isolates, showed antagonistic activity against at least one tested organisms with higher inhibition zone. Ethyl acetate extracts of isolate 30CRS showed highly significant (p≤0.001) inhibition zone against E. coli (30.33+0.57 mm), E. faecalis (25.33 + 0.28 mm) and S. aureus (19.16+ 0.28 mm) than positive control chloramphenicol whereas fungal isolate 37BRaL showed significantly (p≤0.001) higher inhibition zone against S. aures (19.16+ 0.28 mm) and C. albicans (26.83 + 0.76 mm). The mean MIC, 3.125 - 50mg/ml for gram positive bacteria, 6.25 - 50 mg/ml for gram negative bacteria and 12.5 – 50 mg/ml for yeast test organism. MBC 6.25-50mg/ml and MFC ranged from 12.5-50 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening of the fungal metabolite revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroid, saponin, phenol, and tannin. A total of five potential fungi were examined by morphological characterization and Biolog identification, from this, isolates 30CRS and 37BRaL were identified as P. simplicissimum and T. flavus var flavus, also characterized for different Biolog carbon source utilization test using Biolog microbial identification system.
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Antibiotics, Bioactive Compound, and Endophytic Fungi