Impacts of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature Distribution In Bahir Dar Town and Its Surroundings Using Remote Sensing
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Date
2018-06-02
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Addis Ababa University
Abstract
Spatio-temporal Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) changes has been affecting geo-environmental and climate change globally. These extreme changes affect Land Surface Temperature (LST). The present study analyzed the impacts of LULC changes on the distribution of LST in Bahir Dar town and its surrounding. Land-use and land-cover, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST were analyzed from Landsat 5 TM (1987), Landsat 7 ETM+ (2002) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2017) using remote sensing techniques. Land-use and land-cover changes between 1987 to 2017 were analyzed using remote sensing techniques and the results were validated using ground truth data. Land surface temperature from Landsat 5 TM (1987) and Landsat 7 ETM+ (2002) was analyzed using a Mono-Window Algorithm (MWA). Split-Window Algorithm (SWA) used to generate LST from Landsat 8 TIRS (2017). The result indicates that LULC has been changing in space and time. During 1987-2017, cropland was the dominant land-use which was covered more than 50%. Settlement areas increased from 3.3% in 1987 to 9.13% in 2017. Service, industrial and paved surfaces areas also increased. However, wetland vegetation, shrubland, grassland, forest and water body are degraded. This study shows that LST has been increasing from 1987 to 2017 and its distribution varies spatially due to LULC variation, proximity to Lake Tana and Abay River, wind direction, and nature of topography and elevation. During the study periods, LST of Bahir Dar town and its surrounding varies from 12.35℃-43.01℃. Normalized difference vegetation index and LST have indirect relationship. Cropland located in the east, west, south and southwest parts of Bahir Dar town have high LST. Settlement areas located along Lake Tana and Abay River, and some places in Deq Istifanos Island and Kibran Gebriel Island have low LST. Most central parts of Bahir Dar town and Deq Istifanos Island relatively have high temperature. Land-use and land-cover is a serious problem and it cause raise in LST, particularly rapidly urban expansion increase urban heat island (UHI). Therefore, there should be sound environmental management and thermal refreshing mechanisms.
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Keywords
Remote Sensing, Bahir Dar Town, LULC Change, NDVI, LST, MWA, SWA