Prevalence and predictors of hypoglycemia among neonates on admission to NICU in Addis Ababa public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
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Date
2021-06
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Addis Abeba University
Abstract
Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the most common and preventable metabolic problems
seen in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It occurs in 1.3-4.4 per 1000 full- tern newborn
and 15-55per 1000 preterm newborns. Studying the prevalence and predictors related with
neonatal hypoglycemia, may help in preventing morbidity, serious neurological complications
and mortality due to hypoglycemia.
Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of hypoglycemia among
neonates on admission to NICU in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021.
Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out among 317 neonates
admitted to neonatal intensive care units in selected public hospitals Addis Ababa .The study
participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected from
February 20/2021 - April 20/2021. Data was collected with a checklist, neonatal chart review,
and blood glucose level was checked by pricking the neonate’s heel. A glucometer with a test
strip was used to check blood glucose. A blood glucose level < 40mg/dl was taken as a cut-off
point to define hypoglycemia for newborn. Then the collected data was coded and entered in to
Epi data of version 4.6 and exported to SPSS for windows version 26.0 for cleaning, editing,
and analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regressions have been used to observe the
association between independent variables and dependent variable.
Results: The prevalence of hypoglycemia among public hospitals was 20.8 %. Maternal DM,
gestational (AOR=5.16, 95% CI; 1.23-21.64) and pre-gestational DM (AOR =7.79, 95%CI:
1.14-53.03), and preeclampsia (AOR=2.44, 95% CI; 1.10-5.38), feeding initiation time less
than one hour [AOR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.15-0.96] shows association to hypoglycemia.
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that maternal DM (pre-existing and gestational) and
preeclampsia were more likely associated with hypoglycemia, whereas feeding initiation time
within one hour was protective effect to hypoglycemia. Therefore early initiation of feeding is
important factor to prevent hypoglycemia for all newborns.
Recommendation: Health education on preventive measures is very essential for parents and
caregivers.
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Keywords
Hypoglycemia, Predictors, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Addis Ababa